A Visit At The Hospital - 898 Words

You are exactly the type of guy who would be at the hospital for the second time this week. There you are, and you cannot promise you won t be back tomorrow; although you will. You are at the local emergency room, waiting to be seen by an unfamiliar doctor. The hospital is laden with the scent of stale hand sanitizer and the clatter of nurses shoes. In hiccups, a baby is crying on your left, and you wonder if it s worth it. Yes, of course it is. You are already here, so go for it. This is what you anticipated since your last hospital visit a few days ago. You are starting to familiarize yourself with every aspect of the hospital; where this communal, bureaucratic abieance becomes home to you. You know the aftermath of this; nevertheless, you are eager to take the excursion, to maintain the role of a malady-stricken patient, as you have many times before. Luckily at your last visit foreign hands cared for you during the duration of your short stay, and now you wish be cherished by a different set for a prolonged stay. You are reciting symptoms to yourself that require immediate medical attention. As you chant the symptoms, they become apart of you. You scuff up the floor with your incessant pacing, although no one will notice; the floor is covered with black stray marks from patients before you. The mother holding her crying baby reassures you the doctors will see you soon. You choose not to acknowledge her. You keep pacing, while sheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Visit to a Hospital1119 Words   |  5 PagesCivil Hospital  Karachi  is a 1900-bed tertiary care public hospital that imparts both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and training. It is one of the teaching hospitals affiliated with the  Dow Medical College[1]  now the  Dow University of Health Sciences. Civil Hospital Karachi is arguably the largest teaching hospital of Pakistan, catering not only to all areas of the province of  Sindh  but also the neighboring province of  Balochistan  as well. ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreIntroduction . A Visit To An Hospital Does Not Give Any1751 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction A visit to an hospital does not give any kind of pleasure. However, for a minute, imagine yourself, visiting another country, for instance, Columbia, and unfortunately due to a accident, you are hospitalized. Imagine the doctor, walking into your ward and says in Spanish to you â€Å"Tiene una amenaza para la vida condicià ³n de salud†(You have a life-threatening condition), since Spanish is the native language in Columbia. You feel like all of a sudden the darkness wrapped around you andRead MoreTelehealth Can Help Reduce High Cost Hospital Visits807 Words   |  4 PagesTelehealth can help reduce high cost hospital visits such as stroke cases, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) cases and other emergencies. There have been recent initiatives that collected data to see if telehealth was a cost effective option for healthcare. One initiative, Baby CareLink, places telehealth units in homes of low-birth weight neonates.12 For this initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ce nter (BIDMC) in Boston installs the telehealth units in the neonates home for $2,000, and thatRead MorePatient Satisfaction, Hospital Readmissions, The Number Of Physician And Emergency Department Visits1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe extensive research criteria facilitated a conscientious evaluation of the effectiveness of telemedicine across multiple attributes: patient satisfaction, hospital readmissions, the number of physician and emergency department visits, the maximum length of hospital stay, cost-effectiveness, self-management, health outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. Surprisingly, there are many positive effects of using telemedicine in managing chronic heart failure patients. A total of 23 articles were deliberatelyRead MoreThe Impact Of Affordable Care Organizations1145 Words   |  5 Pagesconsists of physicians, and hospitals, is to improve the quality of health, health outcomes, and health care spending among its attributed groups† (Mayberry, 2017, p. S61). Each ACO is required to provide primary care services for at least 3 years to about five thousand for service beneficiaries (Mayberry 2017). Becoming part of an ACO is by choice, with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services setting the guidelines that ought to be met by clinicians and hospitals before they can share partRead MoreAlternatives For Overcrowding Emergency Departments1745 Words   |  7 PagesALTERNATIVES FOR OVERCROWDING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS Meeting the Challenge and Filling the Gaps in America’s Healthcare System Executive Summary: Many visits to the Emergency Department are made for non-emergent needs. This causes congestion in the healthcare system and makes it harder for those who truly need emergent medical attention receive the care they need. Aging populations, under or non-insured patients, Medicaid expansions, and Psychiatric/Behavioral Health problems directly impact overcrowdingRead MoreAbuse Of The Emergency Room 51188 Words   |  5 PagesMemorial Hospital, Beaufort, SC is no exception to this rule. With much of Beaufort County and the surrounding counties being rural and with a high poverty rate Beaufort Memorial experiences a high level of underinsured and indigent care. In 2012 the Medicaid Abuse of the Emergency Room 5 disproportionate share increased by 20.5 % in out-patient activity alone. (Beaufort Memorial Hospital, 2012)Read MoreEvidence Supports Transitional Care Programs Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagescompliance and length of time to first office follow-up. Retrospective chart review was used to gather data. Prior to October 1, 2015, no formal Transitional Care Program or Advanced Practice Provider Transitional Care Clinic existed at Baptist Hospital. On October 1, 2015, Baptist began a Post-Myocardial Infarction Transitional Care Program and Advanced Practice Provider Transitional Care Clinic which incorporated multiple discipline inpatient education and structured post-discharge clinic whichRead MoreTulsa Memorial Hospital Case Study1500 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Tulsa Memorial Hospital (TMH) is one of the nine acute care hospitals that serves in the general population area. Historically, it has been highly profitable due to its well-appointed facilities, excellent medical staff, good-standing reputation for quality care and its ability to give individual attention for each of its patients. The hospital, in addition to its inpatient services, operates an emergency department and an urgent care center located two miles from the hospital across the streetRead MoreReducing Ed Intervention Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementing these interventions is getting the hospitals and community partners on board with the intervention (â€Å"Nexus Montgomery†, 2015). Six hospitals (Holy Cross, Holy Cross Germantown, Suburban, Washington Adventist, Washington Adventist Shady Grove, MedStar Montgomery) were chosen to participate in this intervention (â€Å"Nexus Montgomery†, 2015). It is beneficial for the hospitals to come togeth er. They share a common goal. Each hospital would like to reduce repeat ED encounter in this

Revolutionary Images in a Tale of Two Cities by Charles...

â€Å"it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair †¦ we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  asserts Charles Dickens in reference to the French Revolution (Dickens 1). This infamous rebellion began as a respectable, even gallant, cause: an uprising against the inhumane way the aristocracy treated the peasants. However, as long as man has the ability to hate, he is going to want revenge. This added emotion often fuels the will of the oppressed, causing them to be even more unmerciful and barbarous towards the ones who tormented and harassed them. Soon, they became even more frenzied and blood thirsty, transforming into animals obsessed†¦show more content†¦During the commotion of the peasants sharpening their weapons on the grindstone, the ghastly/grim imagery used to describe the scene introduces the idea that the oppressed are now becoming the oppres sors and dehumanizing the gentility. A grindstone is a thick disk of stone that is mounted in a way that enables it to rotate, allowing for the sharpening of swords and other metal weapons. The image of the grindstone was necessary because Dickens based this scene off of the September Massacre, a nonfictional incident of the French Revolution in which the peasants killed 1,100 people, whether they were aristocracy or not. In order to depict the growing animosity of the peasants, Dickens continues to use the animal-like imagery: The grindstone had a double handle, and, turning at it madly were two men, whose faces, as their long hair flapped back when the whirlings of the grindstone brought their faces up, were more horrible and cruel than the visages of the wildest savages in their most barbarous disguise. †¦ all awry with howling, and all staring and glaring with beastly excitement and want of sleep. As these ruffians turned and turned, their matted locks now flung forward ove r their eyes †¦ . (203) However, the animal-like imagery is now even moreShow MoreRelatedA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1420 Words   |  6 Pageshistory – the best of times and the worst of times. The violence enacted by the citizens of French on their fellow countrymen set a gruesome scene in the cities and country sides of France. Charles Dickens uses a palate of storm, wine, and blood imagery in A Tale of Two Cities to paint exactly how tremendously brutal this period of time was. Dickens use of storm imagery throughout his novel illustrates to the reader the tremulous, fierce, and explosive time period in which the course of events takesRead MoreThe Images Within Us All: A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1273 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowed by the decline of monarchies and the rise of democracy and nationalism. A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, is set in the cities of Paris and London and flawlessly captures the angst and changing times of these places during this unforgettable period. Dickens extensively researched the events that occurred to set up perfect scenes that stick with the reader even after the novel is finished. Dickens masterfully uses the literary element of imagery throughout the novel to enforce hisRead MoreThe Heart of the Revolution Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesit was the winter of despair† (Dickens 3). The duality of the revolution is presented in the novel, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, it shows the tru e nature of the French Revolution and its powerful impact over the citizens, as Lucie and her beloved husband, Charles Darnay, get torn apart by the uprising revolutionaries that only see with vengeance in their eyes. When Darnay travels to Paris to rescue a fellow friend, he is taken away by the revolutionaries and put in prison awaiting hisRead MoreEssay on A Tale of Two Cities- A Historical fiction1889 Words   |  8 PagesA Tale of Two Cities- A Historical fiction A Tale of Two Cities is a novel categorized as historical fiction. Historical fiction is a composite material, with a portion of history embedded in a matrix of fiction. A Tale of Two Cities is appropriately titled, as the novel is the story of England and Revolutionary France; as a result it can be categorized as historical fiction. A Tale of Two Cities is parallel to history in many different respects. The English setting, and atmosphere, is similarlyRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pagesanxiety, and misery, the French Revolution was a trying time for all involved, even the characters crafted by Charles Dickens’ imagination. Charles Dickens’ strongly enforces the hardships of this arduous era in his remarkable novel, A Tale of Two Cities, while exhibiting his keen ability to leave hints for the readers, allowing them to predict upcoming events in his skillfully fashioned plot. Dickens utilizes vivid imagery to construct menacing se ttings. He presents his characters as impulsive to indicateRead MoreCharles Dickens : A Social Critic And English Writer Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was a social critic and English writer. Dickens generated some of globe’s most renowned fictional characters. He is viewed as the most remarkable writer of the Victorian period. Dickens’ works, during his life, enjoyed exceptional popularity. By 20th century, scholars and critics called him a literary genius. Dickens’ short stories and novels continue to be popular. Dickens was born in Portsmouth in England. He was forced to drop out of school following his father’s imprisonmentRead MoreThe Historical Context of A Tale of Two Cities2575 Words   |  11 Pages A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, is a story set in the year 1775 and through the turbulent time of the French Revolution. It is of people living in love and betrayal, murder and joy, peril and safety, hate and fo ndness, misery and happiness, gentle actions and ferocious crowds. The novel surrounds a drunken man, Sydney Carton, who performs a heroic deed for his beloved, Lucie Manette, while Monsieur and Madame Defarge, ruthless revolutionaries, seek revenge against the nobles of FranceRead More Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities Essay2354 Words   |  10 PagesCharacters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens utilizes the characters, setting, conflicts, and other literary devices to convey the tone and establish an attitude about human beings and society.    Dickens connects this novel with the French Revolution. Many of his descriptions refer back to the Revolution and help convey the tone of depression. Dickens saw similarities between the forces that led to the Read MoreThe Use of Language in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1814 Words   |  8 PagesReferring closely to the use of language, show how Charles Dickens examines the tragic consequences of unruly behaviour in Chapter Twenty One of ‘A Tale of Two Cities’. How does he bring out the dramatic tension? ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ set partly in the Saint Antoine region in the midst of the deadly and brutal French Revolution and partly in the dull and monotonous Restoration Period in England seems to be tale of warning and of social justice. Dickens, born in 1812, held the equality of all socialRead MoreTale Of Two Cities Violent Scene Analysis977 Words   |  4 PagesToday many violent scenes are used for their shock value and for the sake of including violence. However, A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, has violent scenes to illustrate the time period of the French Revolution. Scenes such as Foulon being paraded through the city and murdered, the Storming of the Bastille, and the fight between Miss Pross and Madame Defarge emphasize the violence of the time through graphic detail and imagery. These scenes add to the novel’s legitimacy by expressing the

Gia and Her Life Free Essays

Gia Marie Carangi is a gorgeous Philadelphia native who arrives in New York City to become a model and immediately makes an impression on a very high profiled agent by the name of Wilhelmina Cooper. In the movie Gia’s sexual identity is not identified by her. She never comes out directly and states I’m a lesbian or bisexual. We will write a custom essay sample on Gia and Her Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though she never had sex with a man, she never said that she wasn’t attractive to men. Gia was very open minded and was always willing to explore her sexuality. Throughout the movie growing up she was finding herself while meeting a woman by the name of Linda who at the time they met was involved with a man. Gia really loved Linda but in the beginning Linda would always push her away which fueled her drug addiction. Linda was bisexual and in the beginning had issues with it because Gia was the first woman she ever been with but Linda also fell in love with her in time. Gia was feminine but at times could be very aggressive and had some boyish qualities about her to me that stood out. Her looks which made her one of the top female models back in the 70’s had male and females in awe of her beauty. Gia had a uniqueness about her that made her different from everybody else which elevated her into the star she was destined to become. Her beauty was like a gift and a curse because it got her to places she never dreamed of going, yet the curse for some could be that people only looked at the outer beauty and cared less what was on the inside. Gia finally realized that Linda was the only one that was there for her and she thanked her for that while photographers and other people surrounding her just saw her as a face that could make money and could care less if she couldn’t speak because they didn’t want her to open her mouth just look beautiful. Gia was very erotic and adventourous which did capture the interests of others to her and she portrayed that well on camera which the photographer loved! The movie takes place in the late 1970’s and around that time was the term â€Å"sexual liberation† or â€Å"free love† with millions of young people embracing the hippie ethos and preaching the power of love and the beauty of sex as a natural part of life. Sex was experimented openly in and outside of marriage and around the 80’s is when free love ended abruptly because that’s when the public became aware of AIDS. Sex and drugs was one of the main components that surrounded her and by being in the entertainment industry that always came with the territory some did it more than others but in Gias case the drugs took over her life at one point sharing needles which later on is found out how she contracted AIDS. How to cite Gia and Her Life, Papers

Membrane Behaviour Lab free essay sample

The permeability of a cell to solutes in an aqueous medium depends upon the physical and chemical make–up of the membrane. The maintenance of the living cell depends upon the continued presence and functioning of a selectively permeable membrane. If the nature of the membrane is changed or altered in any way, this may well affect its permeability and thus the properties of the cell of which it is a part. Irreversible changes in the permeability of the membrane usually lead to the death of the cell. In this experiment, you will study the effect of changes in environmental conditions on the permeability of living beetroot cells. 1.Top and bottom of beetroot were cut off by scalpel. The cork borer was used to cut out about 3-4 cores, then each core was cut into uniform discs about 2mm thick. 2.Discs were rinsed in a small beaker of cool water for about 5 minutes. We will write a custom essay sample on Membrane Behaviour Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3.Each stock solution of HCl, NaCl and tap water were measured in a graduated cylinder to 10ml, then poured into individually labeled test tubes. 4.Three beetroot discs were placed in each test tube with tweezers. 5.After 40 minute of waiting the colour and intensity was recorded. The Effect of Freezing 1.10 ml of room temperature water was measured with a graduated cylinder and poured into a labeled test tube. 2.Three frozen discs of beetroot were placed into the test tube of room temperature water. 3.After 40 minutes of waiting the colour and intensity was recorded. The Effect of Organic Solvents 1.10 ml of acetone was measured with a graduated cylinder and poured into a labeled test tube. 2. Three beetroot discs were placed into the test tube of acetone. 3.After 40 minutes of waiting the colour and intensity was recorded. a) There appears to be a marked change in the permeability of the membrane as low as the 30oc mark. b) Not all optimal temperatures for the functioning of the cell membrane are the same for different organisms and differing cell types. Cell membranes adjust their structure accordingly to their surrounding environment and in turn the function they perform is specialized for that particular environment. However, if the conditions in which the membrane and its components best function become too extreme, the structure is found to undergo gross structural changes. When this occurs, the membrane cannot perform its necessary functions. In conclusion, differing cells and their membranes function in varying optimal conditions. c) Embedded in the cell membrane are various proteins serving different functions, however, one common purpose they do serve is to hold the membrane together in an identifiable, regular structure. Along with this, these proteins limit the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. If the membrane is exposed to extreme conditions such as heat, these proteins may become denatured, chemical bonds become broken and ultimately, they lose the ability to perform their function. This results in the cell membrane becoming more fluid as well, increasing movement and allowing the entry of unwanted molecules into the cell and vital particles escape the cell. When this occurs, important functions and chemical reactions of the cell are interrupted and the cell ultimately dies. 2) pH a)The chemistry terms pH and concentration are connected in several ways. The pH scale measures hydrogen ions in a solution. The concentration of hydrogen ions determines whether a solution will behave as an acid, base, or both (neutral). The properties of acids and bases are determined by pH and the concentration of the acid and base molecules in a solution. Together, the pH and concentration determine predictable changes to the properties of any given acid or base solution. Another connection between pH and concentration is that both are calculated in a similar way. The simplest connection between pH and concentration also exists because of the scale used. They become linearly connected by a factor of ten and the pH changes by a factor of one when hydrogen ion concentration changes by a factor of ten. b)At a pH 1 of HCl shows to be where maximum intensity of anthocyanin occur, being a very strong red. At a pH 13 of NaOH shows also to be where maximum intensity of anthocyanin occur, being a yellowish/ green colour. The pH of 7 and therefore tap water (being neutral) shows to be where minimum intensity of anthocyanin occurs. c)pH affects membranes by affecting the proteins that make up about 70% of most cell membranes (less in inactive cells, such as red blood cells, more in others, such as those of mitochondria). Proteins are made of amino- acids and each amino-acid has a variable number of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in it. These can form hydogen bonds with the many hydrogen atoms found in the molecule. The protein folds up to ensure that the maximum number of these hydrogen bonds is made. When the pH of a solution changes, the position of some of these hydrogen atoms also changes. This is because amino-acids are amphomeric, and tend to stabilize pH. Thus, they can lose an H+ ion at the COOH [or acid] part of the molecule at higher pHs, or gain an H+ ion at the NH2 [or amino] end of the molecule at lower pHs. This, in turn, causes the overall shape of the protein to change with pH. This is the reason why most enzymes (which need a precisely-shaped active site) can only work well at a certain pH. Unlike heat, the denaturing of a protein by changing pH is (normally) reversible. The dye in beetroot diffuses out of the cell when the membrane proteins are damged. d)Anthocyanins can be used as a pH indicator. Most indicators detect the gain or loss of a hydrogen proton –H+ by the pigment. Anthocyanins are a little different from most acid/base indicators in that the color changes come about via the gain or loss of an OH- (hydroxyl ion) and is shown by the anthocyanin turning a dark red at a pH of 1 or tuning a yellowish/green at a pH of 13. A nthocyanin can also be a natural food color solution to be a colour such as orange, red, pink and purple to blue. However, anthocyanin is most commonly used for coloring of beverages, fruit preparations, confectionery and ice cream. e)A basic solution with a pH of 13 makes the anthocyanin colour turn a yellowish/green. If an acidic solution such as 0.1M HCl is added drop by drop to the basic solution it will slowly create a neutralization reaction between the basic and acidic solution creating water and salt. A neutral solution should have a close pH of 7 therefore the colour of anthocyanin will become a light pink. 3) Freezing a)Cells ordinarily can survive freezing in a state of suspension if done appropriately and quickly; this is done to store living samples such as sperm, cell cultures, and so on. Cold- hardened plant species can also acclimate to cooler temperatures. However, with slow cooling and freezing, the cell membrane loses its fluidity and its semi-permeable nature. Since water’s solid phase is less dense than its liquid state, the process of freezing expands the water, but the cell membrane, which is stiffer at these temperatures, cannot expand to accommodate the solid ice. Ice crystals form and rupture the cell membrane (and other organelles). One paper by Stout, Majak and Reaney (1980) also notes that phosphatidylcholine is broken down at sub-zero temperatures like those of a freezer; an important component of the phospholipids making up the bilayer is also damaged. b) 4) Organic Solvents a) The presence of an organic solvent effects the permeability of the cell membrane to be very weak causing the solution to be a very deep red Permeability of a cell to solutes in an aqueous medium depends upon the physical and chemical make-up of the membrane. The maintenance of the living cell depends upon the continued presence and functioning of a selectively permeable membrane. If the membrane is altered in any way, this may have an effect on its permeability and therefore the properties of the cell of which it is a part. Irreversible changes in the permeability of the membrane usually lead to the death of the cell. The cell membrane provides a boundary between the cells inner environment and its surrounding outer environment. It allows different substances to pass through at varying rates, this is described are differentially permeable. It controls things such as sugar concentration, ion concentration and pH levels. If the pH levels were to be affected, the enzymes would not function efficiently thus allowing chemical reactions to take place. b) Organic solvents will disrupt the phosphlipid bilayer of the membrane by dissolving the hydrophobic fatty acids.

The Opium Trade Why did it flourished in 19th century China

In Regards To

In Regards To In Regards To In Regards To By Maeve Maddox A web search for â€Å"in regards to† brings up 680 million links, thousands of which lead to articles telling readers that â€Å"in regards to† is nonstandard English. Apparently quite a few English speakers have managed to avoid reading any of them. Nonstandard â€Å"in regards to† continues to spread, and not just on blogs and in comments written by the educationally challenged. Here are some examples from sites that aspire to some sort of professional expertise: Elasticity of Ridership In Regards to Transit Fare and Service Changes headline over an About.com article ICA President McLean Changes Tune in Regards to CCE headline at The Chronicle of Chiropractic Nitrogen Inversion in regards to Stereochemistry title of study guide at ucla.edu McDonalds in regards to globalization and business change title of an essay offered at a UK site The phrase â€Å"in regard to† means â€Å"about, regarding, concerning.† Speakers who put an â€Å"s† on regard in â€Å"in regard to† and â€Å"with regard to† are perhaps confusing these phrases with â€Å"as regards†: As regards your question concerning the membership of the Universal House BBC policy as regards interviewers/journalists and their relationship with government officials In the expressions â€Å"in regard to† and â€Å"with regard to,† regard is a noun; in the expression â€Å"as regards,† regards is a verb. The noun regard does take the plural in certain other idioms. For example, Give my regards to your parents. Best regards, Sam Speakers who find it difficult to remember to omit the â€Å"s† can avoid nonstandard â€Å"in regards to† and â€Å"with regards to† by using regarding in their place. Related post: In Regard to Your Letter Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Used To vs. Use ToHow to Punctuate Introductory Phrases

How The Patient Care Has Influenced Career Essay

How The Patient Care Has Influenced Career - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that whereas it can be beneficial to read a great deal of information concerning the healthcare profession and understand the palliative care that can be given with respect to a great range of health issues, nothing within a textbook or a laboratory manual can prepare an individual for the psychological and sociological implications that hands-on experience can provide. Most importantly, with regards to the ability to enhance a desire to further healthcare education, the experience in question was instrumental in helping me to appreciate the nuanced level of approach that the healthcare professional must be responsible for integrating in order to affect a positive resolution within the living patient. Further, even though the first section of this analysis has been concentric on the degree and extent to which no level of memorize Asian or classroom participation can prepare a student for direct patient care, it was also noted, during the expe rience, that a great depth of knowledge was yet to be attained with regards to ameliorating the issues that patients might have, an understanding of complex city of biological issues that might be evidenced. Of all of the factors that have thus far been discussed, it is the impact upon my desire to further my education within the field that is perhaps the most profound. Had it not been for the direct patient care and hands-on experience that was derived during this period of time, it is doubtful that I would have been further drawn to participating in additional education within the healthcare field. This is not due to the fact that I find the healthcare profession in and of itself unappealing. Rather, I would merely not had been presented with the full nuance of the health care profession as it exists for the actual practitioner. As a result of this experience, it is my firm belief that each and every individual, regardless of their career path, should have at least some modicum of hands-on experience so they will at the very least have an expectation for what they might come to experience each and every day of a professional career within such a field of study. Similarly, with regards to what I believe could be an important contribution to my engagement in the nursing profession, this must be understood in something of relative terms. Firstly, nursing, although within the medical profession, is a direct patient interaction that takes place on many different levels. As such, the importance of empathy, relationships, and interaction is of the utmost importance. One does not need to take an exhaustive course in psychology to understand that a great many different types of personalities exist. As such, it is not only important to consider the range of personalities that exist but also the range of cultures, religions, and worldviews that are likely to be presented to an individual but is interested in integrating with such a profession in the future. As such, on e of the unique talents and abilities that I have oftentimes been congratulated upon within my own life is the ability to engage individuals from a diverse background and provide them with a sense of security and belonging with regards to whatever needs they might have. Naturally, I expect this particular talent to be utilized within the medical profession. Moreover, I also expected to be honed and polished so that the needs of a diverse patient mixture will be able to be met within my work. Finally, identifying with individuals and getting along with them is not in and of itself the only talent or requirement that must be utilized in order to affect a positive level of patient care.

Designing an Evaluation Method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Designing an Evaluation Method - Assignment Example To determine what practices are used by long term facility to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). To develop an educational module for nurses on ventilator bundle for prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) To review and update the existing ventilator bundle protocol for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in long term care. To determine a long term approach that is sustainable for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention in long term care The overall goal of my Practicum Project The overall goal of my practicum report is geared towards the prevention of pneumonia that is associated with ventilator (VAP) using the ventilator bundle in long term care. My practicum report seeks to determine the practices that are used by the facility in preventing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). At the end of the practicum, I will be able to achieve all my mentioned objectives and goals. With my overall goal as the basis of my practi cum project, I will put my focus in identifying and determining mechanism that can be used by long term facilities to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia. ... The resulting outcome being solely as a result of the practicum report The effect created by the practicum The evidence that the practicum actually works Evidences of improved prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia Determination of success and the benchmarks of the elements of evidence The success of the practicum outcome will be determined using the set benchmarks of the practicum. The success of the practicum therefore will be ascertained when the practicum’s set objectives are met. The practicum project has an overall goal of that is geared towards the prevention of pneumonia that is associated with ventilator (VAP) using the ventilator bundle in long term care. When this is achieved, I will be confident to pronounce success of the practicum. In addition, other benchmarks of the elements of evidence may include: achievement of the set objectives within the specified length of time; the achievement of the intended impact of the practicum; improved general health and q uality of life among the patients with ventilator associated pneumonia; improved lifestyle and disease management; and retained attitude, behavior and knowledge of the patients with the condition (ventilator associated pneumonia). Application of evaluation methods and the needed resources During the practicum evaluation, I will use various methods of evaluation to ensure success is achieved. The methods of evaluation that I will apply include process evaluation, impact evaluation and outcome evaluation. This will ensure that the practicum is evaluated in terms of the quality of practice, needed resources, policies, and personnel; short term outcomes of the practicum; and long term outcomes respectively. The

Career management in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Career management in business - Essay Example The new career provides an opportunity for employees, to develop self-driven feelings for career development. The employee would decide on a career in one’s own time, other than getting a push against one’s will (Yunnal 2012, pg 56). The new career is dynamic and unpredictable. This is because of the many complicated systems available with no boundaries. The old career appeared to be stable and with little complication. The little complication in the system reduced confusion in planning. It was easier to forge a new career once the organization has provided the opportunity. As mentioned above, the old career structure emphasized on organizational decision on career choices. The structure, thus, instituted tension between the workers and the organization. The tension that existed interfered with the workers efficiency and delivery. Responsibility laying in the organization, gave the employers too much power over their workers. In conclusion, the difference in the two eras is in the structure. The old era placed responsibility of career change in the organization, while the new era places responsibility in the individuals (Mathis & Jackson 2011, pg 34). Boundary-less career refers to a situation where real career passes the boundary of one employer. As a result, the employee would end up having a career with several changes in employers and occupation. This a common practice that has gained favor in the 21st century, with many people opting to pursue their careers in such a manner (Inkson & King 2010, pg 37-57). The new careers have a difference in operation from the traditional careers. In addition, the new careers have an increased mobility that surrounds the organizational boundaries. From studies, the new careers mainly lay emphasis on the permeability aspects of the organizational boundaries. Therefore, there is a widely registered complexity in dealing with contemporary careers (Inkson & King 2010, pg 37-57). In the

A Technical Report Into Cell Phone Jammers

A Technical Report Into Cell Phone Jammers Cell phone jammer is device used to prevent cellular phones from receiving signal from base station. They can be used anywhere but mostly used where phone call would be disruptive. Cell phones are very useful because we are able to contact anyone at anytime but sometimes it become nuisance. Some cell phone users dont know when to stop talking. Jammers are used at classrooms, temples, churches where silence is required. It creates a temporary dead zone to all cell phone traffic in their air system. How Cell Phone Jammer works Disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any other type of radio communication. A cell phone works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas. As a cell-phone user drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower. Jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base station in the tower. Its a called a denial-of-service attack. The jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell-phone users within range of the jamming device. Cell phone Jamming Device Jamming devices overpower the cell phone by transmitting a signal on the same frequency and at a high enough power that the two signals collide and cancel each other out. Cell phones are designed to add power if they experience low-level interference, so the jammer must recognize and match the power increase from the phone. Cell phones are full-duplex devices, which mean they use two separate frequencies, one for talking and one for listening simultaneously. Some jammers block only one of the frequencies used by cell phones, which has the effect of blocking both. The phone is tricked into thinking there is no service because it can receive only one of the frequencies. Less complex devices block only one group of frequencies, while sophisticated jammers can block several types of networks at once to head off dual-mode or tri-mode phones that automatically switch among different network types to find an open signal. Some of the high-end devices block all frequencies at once, and others can be tuned to specific frequencies. To jam a cell phone, you need a device that broadcasts on the correct frequencies. Although different cellular systems process signals differently, all cell-phone networks use radio signals that can be interrupted. GSM, used in digital cellular and PCS-based systems, operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900-MHz band in the United States. Jammers can broadcast on any frequency and are effective against AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PCS, DCS, iDEN and Nextel systems. Old-fashioned analog cell phones and todays digital devices are equally susceptible to jamming. The range of the jammer depends on its power and the local environment, which may include hills or walls of a building that block the jamming signal. Low-powered jammers block calls in a range of about 30 feet (9 m). Higher-powered units create a cell-free zone as large as a football field. Units used by law enforcement can shut down service up to 1 mile (1.6 km) from the device. Inside Cell phone Jammers Cell-phone jammers are very basic devices. It just has an on/off switch and a light that indicates its on. More complex devices have switches to activate jamming at different frequencies. Components of a jammer: Antenna Every jamming device has an antenna to send the signal. Some are contained within an electrical cabinet. On stronger devices, antennas are external to provide longer range and may be tuned for individual frequencies. Circuitry: The main electronic components of a jammer are: Voltage-controlled oscillator Generates the radio signal that will interfere with the cell phone signal Tuning circuit Controls the frequency at which the jammer broadcasts its signal by sending a particular voltage to the oscillator Noise generator Produces random electronic output in a specified frequency range to jam the cell-phone network signal (part of the tuning circuit) RF amplification (gain stage) Boosts the power of the radio frequency output to high enough levels to jam a signal Power supply Smaller jamming devices are battery operated. Some look like cell phone and use cell-phone batteries. Stronger devices can be plugged into a standard outlet or wired into a vehicles electrical system. Cell phone Jammer Applications Cell phone jamming devices were originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists. The bombs that blew up commuter trains in Spain in March 2004, as well as blasts in Bali in October 2002 and Jakarta in August 2003, all relied on cell phones to trigger explosives. It has been widely reported that a cell-phone jammer thwarted an assassination attempt on Pakistani President Musharraf in December 2003. When President Bush visited London in November 2004, it was reported that British police considered using jammers to protect the presidents motorcade through London. During a hostage situation, police can control when and where a captor can make a phone call. Police can block phone calls during a drug raid so suspects cant communicate outside the area. Cell-phone jammers can be used in areas where radio transmissions are dangerous, (areas with a potentially explosive atmosphere), such as chemical storage facilities or grain elevators. Corporations use jammers to stop corporate espionage by blocking voice transmissions and photo transmissions from camera phones. There are rumors that hotel chains install jammers to block guests cell-phone usage and force them to use in-room phones at high rates. Cell Phone Jamming Legal Issues In the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and many other countries, blocking cell-phone services is against the law. In the United States, cell-phone jamming is covered under the Communications Act of 1934, which prohibits people from willfully or maliciously interfering with the radio communications of any station licensed or authorized to operate. In fact, the manufacture, importation, sale or offer for sale, including advertising, of devices designed to block or jam wireless transmissions is prohibited as well. Jamming is seen as property theft, because a private company has purchased the rights to the radio spectrum, and jamming the spectrum is akin to stealing the property the company has purchased. The Federal Communications Commission is charged with enforcing jamming laws. However, the agency has not yet prosecuted anyone for cell-phone jamming. In most countries, it is illegal for private citizens to jam cell-phone transmission, but some countries are allowing businesses and government organizations to install jammers in areas where cell-phone use is seen as a public nuisance. Armenia: legal [citation needed] Australia: illegal to operate, supply or possess Belgium: illegal to sell, possess and operate (licensed part of the spectrum). Canada: illegal, except by federal law-enforcement agencies who have obtained approval Peoples Republic of China: Used by the Education government department as a method of thwarting cheating in schools. During major end of year exams, mobile phone jammers are used in areas surrounding high schools to prevent students inside from receiving calls or text messages, which may be used for illicit purposes. In some municipalities however, rather than the use of jammers, mobile signal towers close to schools are temporarily shut down for the duration of the week as exams are in progress. Czech Republic: illegal. Denmark: illegal. Finland: illegal. France: France legalized cell-phone jammers in (movie) theaters and other places with performances in 2004.Abandoned due to complaints regarding emergency calls. Still legally used inside jails. Germany: illegal, but installation in jails has been proposed. India: Government, Religious Places, Prisons and Educational Institution use jammers. Iran: illegal to operate for civilians but allowed for police forces and military. It is however legal to own such units, which can be bought in electronic markets without a license. In most jails, libraries and university classrooms such jammers are already in use. In the 2009-2010 Iranian election protests, police forces used cell phone and Bluetooth jammers. Ireland: illegal to operate. Legally used inside prisons by the Irish Prison Service. Italy: technically not illegal to own, but illegal to operate, since the Italian law specifically prohibits disturbing radio and telephoning communications. GSM jammers are however legal to be used in places like hospitals, churches, movie theatres and other places with performances, and other buildings where and when the use of mobile telephones may result in a leak of sensitive information: on such occasions, jammers are legal as long as their operation doesnt interfere with electronic medical equipment and allows mobile phones to make emergency calls. Tri-Band Jammers are reserved to, and in use with, the police forces and are being experimented in prisons. Japan: Illegal to use, but legal to own. Buying of mobile short range versions is allowed. Use of fixed high output jammers with long range is illegal, with fines of up to max $250,000USD and/or 5 years in prison. Mexico: legal inside jails, often used also in churches and hospitals. New Zealand: legal inside jails. Norway: illegal to own and operate. The police and the military can use jammers in situations in which it is necessary. Pakistan: legal inside banks, often used also in libraries. Switzerland: illegal. Turkey: illegal. Only the police and the military use jammers. Ukraine: legal, planned to be used in schools United Kingdom: illegal to use, but legal to own. Installation in jails has been proposed United States: Cell phone blocking devices are used by federal officials under certain circumstances. Privacy rights of property owners may affect the policy and application of law within buildings. The FCC may issue a permit that waivers the law for private use. Alternatives to Cell Phone Jamming While the law clearly prohibits using a device to actively disrupt a cell-phone signal, there are no rules against passive cell-phone blocking. That means using things like wallpaper or building materials embedded with metal fragments to prevent cell-phone signals from reaching inside or outside the room. Some buildings have designs that block radio signals by accident due to thick concrete walls or a steel skeleton. Companies are working on devices that control a cell phone but do not jam the signal. One device sends incoming calls to voicemail and blocks outgoing calls. The argument is that the phone still works, so it is technically not being jammed. It is a legal gray area that has not been ruled on by the FCC as of April 2005. Cell-phone alerts are available that indicate the presence of a cell-phone signal. These have been used in hospitals where cell-phone signals could interfere with sensitive medical equipment. When a signal is detected, users are asked to turn off their phones. Cell-phone users dont know theyre being jammed. The phones just indicate that theres no service or no signal from the network. The jammer simply interrupts the phones ability to establish a link with the nearest cell-phone tower. If the battery on your phone is okay, and youd like to continue your conversation, try walking away from the area. You may be able to get out of the jammers range with just a few steps. Every technology has good aspect as well as bad aspect the important thing is, how we are using it. There are some bad aspects of mobile Jammers like, Jamming blocks all calls in the area, not just the annoying ones. Jamming a signal could block the call of a babysitter frantically trying to contact a parent or someone trying to call for an ambulance. Cell Phone Jammers are very useful to society from the antisocial elements. We can save our national leaders. We can restrict the communication network between the anti social elements. Cell phone Jammers prevent the students from carrying cell phones to the college.

Neuropsychological Testing Essay example -- Health, Diseases, Brain Im

Neuropsychological testing is used to assess and diagnosis brain impairments, such as a head injury, dementia, or Alzheimer’s (Gregory, 1999). Purposes of neuropsychological assessments include determining if the problem is physiological (e.g., brain damage or lesion), the nature of the dysfunction (e.g., location or type), and cognitive deficits caused by the problem (Class Notes VIII). For example, following a brain injury, a neurological battery of tests may be given in order to assess the individual to see if there has been any change in cognitive functioning. Results from neurological assessments can provide information on the individual’s current mental capacities, which allows for the development of a specific diagnosis and an individualized treatment plan (Gregory, 1999). Additionally, these tests help document the effects of a progressive illness (i.e., Alzheimer’s) or can confirm the individual’s recovery (Gregory, 1999). Furthermore, if suspici on or referral questions about cognitive functioning are presented, then screening tests are often given beforehand to assess whether or not a neurological test battery or flexible battery is required. These screening tests are shorter versions that are easier to administer and interpret than the long intensive neurological test batteries (Gregory, 1999). A neuropsychological battery of assessments examines areas that are sensitive to brain trauma or disorders, such as intelligence, memory, language, visuospatial and motor abilities, and frontal lobe functioning. The WAIS is specifically useful to neuropsychological testing because it can be used to examine these same areas. The intelligence aspect is generally measured by a standard intelligence test like the WAIS-III or WAIS-I... ...r-level concept formation. Furthermore, reading ability on the WAIS-III can predict the score on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WRAT). Some problems with using this approach is that reading is dependent on education and verbal abilities and brain damage can cause problems with reading ability (e.g., aphasias), so another test would have to be administered in the neuropsychological evaluation (Schoenberg et al., 2002). Overall, the WAIS can be a useful tool to include in a neuropsychological battery. It can help estimate a person’s premorbid IQ and some of the individual subtests can provide insight into the section of the brain that may be dysfunctional. However, the WAIS may also be a difficult test to use to estimate cognitive decline, because there are so many tasks involved in the WAIS tasks that it is hard to separate out what they real problem may be.

Indian Marxist Critique Of Law And Justice Essays and Term Papers Essay

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Mankind, Humankind, and Gender

Mankind, Humankind, and Gender Mankind, Humankind, and Gender Mankind, Humankind, and Gender By Maeve Maddox A reader takes me to task for not having used â€Å"gender neutral language† in a recent post: In your definition of eschatology you use the word mankind. You run a writing website, please use gender neutral language please, it isn’t that difficult. My views on gendered language are perhaps too loose to meet the more extreme requirements of political correctness. For example, I don’t see anything wrong with using the word mankind in the sense of â€Å"all human beings living on the earth.† As I understand the word, it comes from an Old English construct in which man means person. I do not countenance words like poetess and authoress, which I believe convey a sense of condescension. I condemn the expression â€Å"woman doctor† used to indicate the gender of the doctor rather than the doctor’s medical specialty. On the other hand, words like chairperson strike me as faintly absurd. And efforts to translate the Bible into â€Å"gender neutral language† seem rather misdirected, considering the patriarchal viewpoint of the content. I suppose that I was supposed to substitute humankind for mankind. I don’t see the point. The word human derives from the Latin word for â€Å"man†: homo, There was an Old English cognate, guma (pl. guman), that also meant â€Å"man.† It survives in our word bridegroom, â€Å"the bride’s man.† Excessive concern over â€Å"gender neutral language† frequently results in unidiomatic English and/or unnecessary transformations of useful and innocuous words. This is a writing site, but it is also a blog. Readers have to expect that some opinion will inform the posts. I feel an obligation to verify my discussions of standard usage by consulting the OED, the Chicago Manual of Style, and other recognized authorities. In the matter of what does and doesn’t count as â€Å"gender neutral language,† however, I feel no compulsion to buy into the world of Chairperson Greenspan and Every man and woman for him or herself. I don’t happen to see every word with a syllable spelled m-a-n as an affront to womankind. (Should we still be using the word woman?) In my opinion, humankind is no more â€Å"gender neutral† than mankind. Both mean exactly the same thing, and both derive from the word â€Å"man.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesAwoken or Awakened?How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Voltaire Candide essays

Voltaire Candide essays Voltaire was born in Paris in 1694. He had a very troubled childhood, but he managed to attend the Jesuit college of Louis le Grand in Paris where he studied literature and theater. He spent several years as a member of the royal court of Louis XV at Versailles, and was appointed as court biographer. Voltaires fame was, and still is worldwide. He spent the last 20 years of his life in Geneva, but he died in Paris in 1778. His most famous work, Candide is considered a masterpiece by most scholars today. Candide was a pure, naive man who lived in a perfect world, in the best house, with the best people, and the prettiest woman in the world. At list, that was what he thought. Then trouble begun, he tried to kiss the Lady of the house Cunegonde, and for that he was forced to leave the house, which he did and he joined the Bulgar Army. After many unfortunate situations, he went to Holland where he became friends with a merchant, and he also found his old teacher there. After some months, the three of them left and went to Lisbon where an enormous earthquake took place shortly after they arrived. Even though they lived through the earthquake, they got arrested due to their beliefs, and Candides teacher was hanged. Candide was severely beaten, but an old woman treated him in her house in the woods. There he met again with Cunegonde, and after he killed her two masters, Candide took her and went to Propontis. There he asked the permission of Cunegondes brother to marry her, and despite the brothers objections Candide married her anyway and he spent the rest of his life in a farm that he bought. Voltaire story contained many exaggerations and irony, which made it kind of funny, but a serious meaning was behind everything. Although many bad things happened to Candide he continued to believe that they happened for a good reason, and that bad things happened to good people. We can also see many historical events o...

Are cloud storage solutions irrelevant for a large organisation of Essay

Are cloud storage solutions irrelevant for a large organisation of 1,500 staff - Essay Example Among these technology products and services, Information Technology (IT) forms a key part, with organisations, irrespective of the sector they are operating, have been incorporating IT in a strong manner, by having a separate IT infrastructure inside the organisation. Although, in-house IT infrastructure is the norm in many large organisations, due to advent of advancing technology services like Cloud Computing and their resultant benefits, virtual IT infrastructure are being considered and also favoured. That is, to complement the in-house infrastructure and even also to maximally replace it, Cloud Computing is being utilized. As this service appears to be a cost-effective, secure, quality enriched, operational effective, etc., it is being used by varied organisations from large ones to the small ones. Thus, the discussion will be on how these Cloud computing solutions can be relevant to a large organisation of 1500 staffs. Cloud computing is the term given to the web-based virtual computer structure, which can host data, softwares as well as other applications, with the organisational employees accessing and utilizing it without the need for the organisation to have an in-house IT structure. â€Å"Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends ITs existing capabilities by increasing capacity or by adding capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software.† (Knorr and Gruman 2010).The Cloud architecture that is needed for delivering Cloud Computing to an organisation consist of various hardwares as well as softwares, and these cloud components are categorized as front end and back end. The front end will be set up in the organisation, and includes employees’ computer, servers and the other applications that run in the computer particularly web browser.

Historical Report on race Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical Report on race - Research Paper Example Today, you hear people speaking Spanish in very street you walk through in the cities of the United States of America. Hispanic Americans or Latinos originated in the Latin America and Spain. Hispanic American refers to the people of Spanish-speaking ancestry, while Latino refers to the people of Latin American origin. The history of Hispanic Americans in the US dates back to 16th century when Spanish ships sailing through Pacific Coast to Oregon. Hispanic Americans were the first racial group to reach the Mississippi River, the Appalachian Mountains and Great Plains. Spaniards created the first local settlement in continental America at St. Augustine in Florida in 1565 while other settlements in Virginia, Plymouth Colony, San Antonio, San Diego and Los Angeles followed later in the century (Jim, 2011). During the American Revolutionary war, Spain aided America since Spain held about half of the continental America territory. Through treaties, diplomacy and the Mexican-American War, United States increased its territory at the expense of Spain and most Hispanic Americans were pushed to the Southwestern States (Jim, 2011). Hispanic Americans account for about 17 percent of the total US population which translates to over 50 million people. Hispanic Americans is the fastest growing racial group with a population growth rate of 28.6 % which is about four times the national average of 7.2 % according to 2010 statistics. Majority of Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico, East Los Angeles, Texas, Miami, California and Colorado. Hispanic Americans form the second largest are the second largest racial group in the US after the White Native Americans. Hispanic Americans are still a minority group. Most Hispanic Americans originated from Latin American countries like Salvador, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Dominica (Jim,

You can decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

You can decide - Essay Example fected the atmosphere surrounding the hoax, as with the discovery of fossils found in countries like Germany and France, and the recent publishing of Darwin’s theory of evolution kept scientists very curious to see what new fossil regarding man’s existence would suffice. 8. Woodward was an eminent geologist who accompanied Dawson to Piltdown town in order to visit the site where the fossil skull was found. They dug the site where the skull was found and found the remains of prehistoric animals, stone age tools and an ape-like jaw bone with human-like teeth that seemed to link to the skull that was initially found at the site. 11. The significance of the canine tooth that was found was to eliminate all forms of doubt that came with the reconstruction of the ancient skull by Woodward. If the canine matched its size in accordance with the jaw that was found, Smith would be able to endorse his predictions. 12. The second Piltdown man was found just two miles from where the first Piltdown man was found and was discovered by Dawson. The second find was very significant as it acted as proof of the first finding and also helped enforce how genuine the first find was. 13. Kenneth Oakley was a scientist working at London’s Natural History Museum. Kenneth was the man who applied chemical tests on the fossils so as to help authenticate and date the fossils and whose test rendered the fossils as fake as they were much younger than was expected. 14. The jaw and the canine tooth were believed to have been forged. The jaw was believed to have maybe been an orangutan’s and the teeth had simply been filed flat so as to disguise them, and the canine tooth appeared to have been crudely filed in a hurry and colored with paint. 15. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle passed by the digging site where the fossils were discovered while on his golfing rounds, and the possibility of him planting some of the fossils that were found acted as evidence of his involvement in

The Philosophy of Confucius Essay Example for Free

The Philosophy of Confucius Essay For my essay I have decided to analyze the philosophy of Confucius as seen in The Analects or Lunyu ( ). I will be focusing primarily on what I have found to be the key components underlying Confucian ethics; Filial Piety (Xiao) (? ), Ritual Propriety (Li) (? ) and Authoritative Conduct (Ren) (? ). These three moral concepts are integral aspects of Confucian role ethics; they develop as a counterpart to western philosophy such as Immanuel Kant’s ethics of duty and have remained to this day sound and honourable ideologies that people should live their lives in accordance with. Confucianism has had the most the most prevalent influence on Chinese society for nearly two thousand years (c100BC-1900AD), it affected all aspects of Chinese life; education, politics and personal conduct in both one’s private and public affairs. It became the paramount school of thought and later significant philosophies such as Daoism and Legalism would take their lead from Confucianism. The Chinese government made Confucianism the official state philosophy but that is not to say didn’t fall out of favour over the last two thousand years; from c.200-600AD there was a severe decline in followers as a result of the emergence of Buddhism and Daoism but Confucianism was fully revived by 700AD. In 1100s came Neo-Confucianism, innovated by Zhu-Xi, focussing more on Li and aspects of human nature and in the 1900s Confucianism fell out of favour with western beliefs such as communism. However all government opposition to communism ended by 1977 and Confucianism is now being embraced again in both eastern and western cultures. Confucius is known to the Chinese as ‘Kung Fu-tzu’ ( ) which has been Latinized by Europeans to Confucius. He was born in 551BC amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era into a poor family of the lower nobility. Throughout his life he made numerous attempts to gain an office with a prominent ruler willing to implement his concepts, after failing to do so he dedicated his life to teaching and accumulated an impressive amount of disciples, including Mencius and Xunzi. Confucius’ followers took it upon themselves to document and formulate their own interpretations of his interactions and teachings as Confucius never wrote anything down himself. These records of Confucius’ philosophy can now be found in The Analects which has been translated into many languages and sold millions of copies around the world. Xiao or the notion of Filial Piety is probably the most definitive sentiment associated with Confucianism. Xiao is usually highlighted by western interpreters as it does not comply with western values and for this reason was not used as a starting point for promoting Confucianism in the western world. Confucius discusses Xiao in the context of identifying states of order and disorder in society. In a time of constant warfare Confucius conceded that this a social behaviour was due to a lack of Xiao, in The Analects Confucius tells us that a man with filial piety is unlikely to revolt in society or defy the authority of his superiors; â€Å"A man filial to his parents, a good brother, yet apt to go against his superiors – few are like that! †. Confucius gives numerous definitions of Xiao to different students he explains that Xiao is the root of moral excellence. Like a plant, Xiao has to take place at the beginning of one’s life in order for it to flourish; â€Å"The gentleman operates at the root. When the root is firm, then the Way may proceed†. Confucius emphasized that it was imperative for people to develop this notion of Xiao in which younger generations were obliged develop emotional immediacy to their next of kin, an element of devotion was expected. Confucius put great importance in conducting numerous rituals for varying occasions; he found it essential to the well-being of society. Religious activity was geared toward the worshipping of ancestors. When an elder died the children of the deceased were expected to undertake a three year mourning period in which they completed altered their living conditions to bear minimum and did not partake in any social conventions such as work or celebratory events; â€Å"When a gentleman is mourning, he gets no pleasure from eating sweet foods, finds no joy in listening to music, and feels no comfort in his place of dwelling. This is why he gives up these things† Many considered three years to be an excessive period of time as we see when Zai Wo asks Confucius if he can limit the mourning period to one year and Confucius considers him perverse, he explains that only after being fully tended to for three years can one leave their parents’ bosom, parents alter their lives to accommodate the birth and raising of a child regardless of social convention. Similarly in Chinese culture it is thought that when a person dies they enter the spirit world in which they are once again rendered â€Å"new-borns† and need the care and devotion of their descendents to begin life there. It is reciprocity between generations, an exchange of unconditional loyalty and love. Xiao is initially established in these undertakings. Ritual propriety or Li involves perfecting the art of self-governing and restraint, it refers to the secular functions of everyday life such as all formal conduct, from table manners to patterns of greeting and leave-taking, to graduations, weddings, funerals, from gestures of deference to ancestral sacrifices . Li is the mechanism by which one conveys their respect and gratuity to their elders and superiors; it also encompasses how one should act social in order to earn respect and honour in return. It is appropriate behaviour in the sense that it promotes and enhances relationships in a community. This was essential as the social context of the Chinese was focussed on communal living, therefore Confucius tries to instruct people on how to live harmoniously with their families. Everything one says and does is brought into consideration under the concept of ritual propriety; â€Å"Look at nothing in defiance of ritual, listen to nothing in defiance of ritual, speak of nothing in defiance of ritual, never stir hand or foot in defiance of ritual†. The aesthetic aspect of Confucius is not to understand morality and judge but rather become more skilful in engaging the people around you in your endeavours, everyone has a role in society and they must uphold it. Devoting yourself to ritual is not the same as shunning your own desires and emotions; it’s the ability to reconcile one’s own desires amicably within the social context you are occupying. In the Analects Confucius explains that by curbing our own personal agendas we can learn to appreciate the conventions of society which allows it to function harmoniously, he also stresses that with age and experience one can only truly gain this appreciation; â€Å"When I attained the age of fifteen, I became bent on study. At thirty I was a confirmed student. At, nought could move me from my course. At fifty, I comprehended the will and decrees of heaven. At sixty, my ears were attuned (to them). At seventy, I could follow my hearts desires without overstepping the lines of rectitude†. Confucius also stressed the importance of sincerity, he felt that without possessing a genuine interest in the well-being of others whatever ceremonial manners one undertook it would signify nothing. He felt that rites should not be looked upon simply as conventions by which we did things but they should be practiced with complete reverence and honesty; â€Å"He sacrificed to the dead as if they were present. He sacrificed to the spirits as if the spirits were present. The Master said, ‘I consider my not being present at the sacrifice as though there were no sacrifice’ In the tenth book of The Analects we are effectively given the portrait of how one contending with Li should behave. The examples are given under the pretence of Confucius as a person himself and how he conducted himself. They give us direction as how to act appropriately and â€Å"how to serve the spirits to bring about good fortune†. Each passage gives shows us a different scenario and Confucius’ exemplary behaviour in that context, a few examples are; â€Å"While eating he would not converse, and having retired for the night he would not talk†, â€Å"In asking after the well-being of a friend in another state, he would bow twice before sending the messenger on his way†, â€Å"In sleeping he did not assume the posture of a corpse, and when at home alone, he did not kneel in a formal posture as though entertaining guests† and â€Å" On meeting someone in mourning dress, even those on intimate terms, he would invariably take on a solemn appearance. On meeting someone wearing a ceremonial cap or someone who is blind, even though they were frequent acquaintances, he would invariably pay his respects†. These passages made Confucius the epitome of courtliness and personal decorum for succeeding generations of Chinese officials. The final focal point of Confucianism is Ren or Authoritative conduct, references to Ren appear over one hundred times in the Analects. Ren is comprised of two elements, a person and the number two, emphasizing how our own person can only be cultivated through interactions with other people as Herbert Fingarette states; â€Å"For Confucius, unless there are at least two human beings, there can be no human beings†. Ren consists of five basic virtues; seriousness, generosity, sincerity, diligence and kindness. It is the basis of Confucian political theory, he felt that if a ruler lacked Ren it would effectively be impossible for his subjects to act humanely, he believed that people who had this mastered moral excellence inherent to Ren should be put into positions of political power; â€Å"The Master said; If people are proper in personal conduct, others will follow suit without need of command. But if they are not proper, even when they command, others will not obey†. Confucius felt that the political intuitions in his era had completely lost their legitimacy, he felt that this was due to tyrannical behaviour in the sense that those in control lacked certain attributes such as Ren, vital to successfully ruling and were not worthy of the positions they held. We can observe through Confucius the idea that a ruler, whether good or bad has an  effectively contagious effect on his subjects and if he lacks the necessary qualities that deem him worthy to rule, his subjects will similarly lack the qualities that enable them to serve efficiently, everyone most uphold their truthful role in society to achieve harmonious functioning; â€Å"Good government consists of the ruler being a ruler, the minister being a minister, the father being a father, and the son being a son†. To cultivate one’s Ren one might look to Confucius’ ethics of reciprocity and perhaps his most famous teaching of all time, the golden rule which has been taken since the time of Confucius been included as part of numerous different religions and ideologies such as Christianity; â€Å"Do not impose on others what you do not wish for yourself. † Interestingly, unlike Mencius and Xunzi, Confucius did not seem overly concerned about the root of human nature and whether we are innately good or bad but he did say â€Å"Human Beings are similar in their natural tendencies, but vary greatly by virtue of their habits†, implying that Confucius perceived all men to be born with intrinsic value that can be shaped or moulded by study and practice. After reading and analysing The Analects of Confucius I think it’s clearly that it is the three components of Xiao, Li and Ren that are most predominant in his philosophy but that is not to say there weren’t other valuable concepts that are crucial to Confucianism such as Xin (? ) and Yi (? ) but they are beyond the scope of this essay. Confucius Bibliography -Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press Dawson, M. M (1915). The ethics of Confucius: the sayings of the master and his disciples upon the conduct of the superior man. US: Putnam Riegel, J. (2006). Confucius. Available: http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/confucius/. Last accessed 5/12/11. Ames, R. Hall, D. , (1987), Thinking Through Confucius. Albany: SUNY Press.. Slingerland, E. G (2003). Confucius analects: with selections from traditional commentaries. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing -Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. 51 Name: Shauna O’Mahony Date: 07/11/11 Module: Chinese Philosophy (PH2023) Essay title: Philosophy of Confucius. Word Count: 2,285 [ 1 ]. Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press (1. 1) [ 2 ]. Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press (1. 2) [ 3 ]. Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press (17. 21) [ 4 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. pg51 [ 5 ]. Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press (12. 1) [ 6 ]. Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press (2. 4) [ 7 ]. Watson, B (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia: Columbia University Press (3. 12) [ 8 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. Random House Publishing Group. pg51 [ 9 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (10. 10) [ 10 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (10. 15) [ 11 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (10. 24) [ 12 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (10. 25) [ 13 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. Pg 48 [ 14 ]. Confucius, Ames, R.T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (13. 6) [ 15 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (12. 11) [ 16 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (15. 24) [ 17 ]. Confucius, Ames, R. T, Rosemont, H (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. : Random House Publishing Group. (17. 2).

Development Changes of Renal Tubules

Development Changes of Renal Tubules Development changes of Renal Tubules from Neonates to Adults for its function Introduction Term infant means a newborn child within 28 days after birth. Nephrone is the functional and structural unit of kidney. Each nephron is made up of narrow tube that specializes in ( renal tubule ) secretion and reabsorption pre-filter unit ( renal corpuscle ). It provides a small solutes and water in tubule structure, renal corpuscle excludes solutes from blood. these renal tubules does not function in adult levels at neonatal period. Because at birth, kidney is immature. It develops with age and reaches to the adult functioning level after some time. This short analytical essay describes about the development of the renal tubules from neonates to adults for its function: that means how the renal tubules develop and adapt to their function with age. 1. Who is Infant? From the Latin meaning of infans or can not tell and say , infant is very young children of a human or animal. If you apply in person, this term is usually considered equal to the child. It may be to learn that human child walks, is used in place long walks . Term infants will be used for infants up to the age of the moon 12 months and one month usually. However, it is possible to define the birth, it varies between 2 years and birth, or between one year. Child for several hours at only very young, several days, or up to a few weeks ago. In medical condition, ( from the Latin, neonatus, newborn ) newborns and infants, in the first 28 days after birth, it means infant, this term applies hypermature Early Childhood, infant, full -term infants . 2. Functions of the kidney Excretion of waste The kidneys excrete the various products of waste by metabolism. These include, ,, nitrogenous wastes called urea from protein catabolism, such as uric acid, such as this from nucleic acid metabolism. The formation of urine, it is the function of the kidney. Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the urine of birds and some mammals, rely on elaborate countercurrent multiplication system. This requires the nephron function of the independent functions of several . Re- absorption of essential nutrients Glucose plasma levels, re- absorption in the proximal tubule is completely normal. Is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, amino acids are sodium-dependent transporter . Acid-base homeostasis Maintain the acid-base homeostasis is to maintain the pH value near the organ systems of the two kidneys, lungs, stabilized. Very important role of the two in the maintenance of acid-base balance and kidney : Re- absorption of bicarbonate from the urine, to discharge the hydrogen ions in the urine Regulation of blood pressure Kidney can not be used to directly detect blood, but long term control of blood pressure is dependent on the kidney mainly. The size of, is performed via the maintenance of theextracellular water compartment depends on the plasma sodium concentration this . Hormone secretion And kidney secret type of hormones such as erythropoietin, enzyme renin. ( Low levels of oxygen at the tissue level ) release erythropoietin in response to hypoxia in renal circulation. It is to stimulate the ( production of red blood cells ), red blood cell production in the bone marrow . 3. Nephron Renal corpuscle Configure the Bowmans capsule and glomerulus, renal corpuscle is the commencement of the nephron. It filters the parts of the original nephron. Tubule It is a part of the nephron, including water filtration cylindrical through glomerulus.After through the tubule of the renal tubules, and continues to collect, the duct system that is not part of the nephron is the filtrater. Function of the renal tubules, is listed on the page XX Collecting duct system The first part is a small tube connection system of collecting duct, it provides the flow-through for each distal tubule. Collection of the duct system begins with the renal cortex and medulla to the deep. Urine so that down the collection duct system, passes the gap marrow with a high sodium concentration because the loop of henle is a countercurrent multiplier system. Juxtaglomerular apparatus Angiotensin system production of the enzyme renin involvement and juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized area of nephron cause of renin secretion to . 4. Functions of various segments of Renal Tubule The type of renal tubule, and is part of the filtration nephron from the glomerulus. It is composed of the following elements: 1 .proximal convoluted tubule 2. Loop of Henle divided into three: thin descending limb loop thick ascending limb 3. Distal tubule 4.Collecting duct Proximal tubule (PCT) In the first part of the renal tubule, near corpusle kidney, which is lying on the cortex of the kidney. The filtered water from the Bowman capsule enters the proximal tubule. Has a brush border, which has been designed to cubiodal epithelium. It has eosinophilic cytoplasm due to the number of mitochondria . Work of PCT PCT is, H2O If you re- absorb 2/ 3 ( percent 65-80 and Na) or, filtered glucose, and this is, to re- absorb all amino acids Na glucose is re- absorbed by the co-transport of Glu The section, I resorb potassium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate Thin descending loop (TDL) I reabsorb water (H 2 O) passively it is impermeable to sodium (Na) I will allow a hypertonic urine in the TDL, urine is concentrated Thick ascending loop  and, in this part of the loop, CL and K is reabsorbed actively This does not transmit H2O In this section, urine is a low concentration Distal tubule This part of the tubules are lined with a simple cubic epithelium with Musuri-ko edge The re- absorption of sodium chloride actively , This secrete hydrogen ion and ammonium ion . be part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus Collecting duct Is on the CD, and is performed through the cortex to the medulla and leads to renal papilla. The epithelium is different in cubic columnar epithelium with ( almost nipple ). This is the last part of the renal tubule. It has two types of cells . 5. The Renal Function in Neonates Compared with adults, renal function, and is changed newborns. Complete structure in terms of the number of nephrons of 36 weeks, but the baby of the kidney is functionally immature still. Renal function is subject to rapid maturation in postbirth during the first week of both of preterm infants with time. Because I control the balance of water and electrolytes at that time, a small amount, because of the extremely low birth weight infants, and there was especially. Overhydration, dehydration, and the biggest risk for children, contains the electrolyte imbalance . It is possible to maintain a normal state, the homeostasis of the kidney after birth. However, infants early, most can be less, which is to maintain the water balance of the normal electrolyte, or bicarbonate. To maintain homeostasis, the control of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration plays an important role in determining the ability of the kidney. The biggest factor that determines the renal function is probably maturity. Renal formation, up to 34 weeks of pregnancy is not complete. In particular, under the glomerular filtration, and absorption and filtration of the kidney, which has a significant effect on the hormone-sensitive nephron control . 6. Renal Function of the Elderly Including glomerulosclerosis a decrease in size of the kidney, increased vascular changes and arterioles, the type of anatomical defect in the aging kidney, have been identified. Also physical changes, including a decrease in renal blood flow, decreased glomerular filtration rate, tubular framework of the kidney, the shape of the endocrine renal function, are described. From one point of treatment by a physician or disease, clinical outcome of these changes is the ability of the kidney -shaped age to cope with stress. Vigilance and special care is needed when you take care of the elderly . 7. Renal Function in Relation to the age In comparison, the growth and food intake of adults in maintaining the biochemical stable environment, when it is more important for infants than kidneys. Infants, kidneys are developing with the normal function of the ` s properly. However, it is very adaptable to emergency THN in adults. It is not present in urine excrection rhythm birth of a normal adult. These have been developed within a few years. GFR is a baby less than adults. However, the proportion of adult products and to compare, this low GFR is enough to excrete a small amount . 8. Structural changes of Kidney with age The number of structural change takes place in the kidney of aging. Kidney of aging is characterized in that the number of news kidney, vascular sclerosis, hyaline artery disease, hardening of glomerular increases, tissue fibrosis and renal tubules is lost. Pathogenesis of structural changes associated with aging are not fully understood. Both the hemodynamic factors and genetic background, are associated with the development of physical changes associated with age. Structural changes in the aging kidney, is a non-specific, diabetes and be seen in many situations, including high blood pressure, such as a, and, can, is a diagnosis of exclusion is arterionephrosclerosis aging Decline associated with aging, host of the structure and function of the kidney. Might disrupt the assessment of the impact of aging on renal function, appreciation and selection of the population, the problem, methodological, which led to the re-evaluation of recent. Well as a decrease in renal function protected areas, the common denominator of these changes, is the subject of kidney of either excess or defect of constraints and the ability to respond appropriately. These changes, to achieve clinical significance when the residual renal function was challenged by the superposition of acute disease, under the conditions of day-to-day, but there is likely to have a major clinical results. Finally, often amplify these drawbacks whereby, elderly patients should be emphasized may be a change in the aging and addition, can co-morbidities, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, suffer . 9. Functional changes of Kidney with Growth Renal function, started the development of a program ,It continues to evolve in the first year of life Full adult rate. Under this process, the responsible kidney Changes and to provide renal function during childhood, in particular the Characteristics. Human kidney to begin the development in five Started production of urine between the pregnancy and the 10th week 12 weeks of gestation. It was completed in around the 36 week from 35 to newborn long-term kidney formation, but are born with a nephron all of its What is not a case of one of the initial born before, Renal formation is complete. Entire process of fetal kidney The progress to be regulated by many genes have recently been shown For example, as cytokines and growth factors such gene products and, Intrauterine environment itself in a special process known as, Epigenetics. Kidney regulates homeostasis to the basic operation of the two, Glomerular and tubular. It is the work of all neonatal although neonatalkidneys flaws and i s equipped with, Of them to develop a physiological process, is severely limited The response to stress. Infants having a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Was increased stepwise to achieve, the low and 20 ml/min/1.73 m ², at birth Adult levels at 18 months. Completely new nephron has not been played in childhood, but is available in sizes from increasing, I mature in the workplace. Tubular function and glomeruli, but may mature level Between 12-18 months, kidney child maintaining a low capacity for dealing with residual Susceptible to trauma of childhood .Started developing early, renal function, twisted creature Evolution in the first few years of his life full, to adults Level. Under this process, is responsible for changes giving kidney Kidney Function in the reputation of his childhood and childhood somewhat. But From, the main challenge for developing kidney events of the migration I adjust the uterus to life outside the womb, the homeostasis of the continuous for Organisms c hildhood and growing during childhood are also sought . 10. Developmental changes of Renal Tubules for it`s Function If you have corrected the size of the body, starting in stages it, remains relatively constant 4 of life up to 10 years old, shows the age of 1 year and kidney capacity fully functional, standard of renal function a decline in the use of age-related indicators, the glomerular filtration rate such. Be predicted without knowledge of the exact mechanisms involved Avoid reabsorption and tubular secretion of positive and negative ions in order to provide an opportunity for drug interactions is difficult. Data to support the development changes in the net tubular secretion of several items. For digoxin, clearance of digoxin observed in children during puberty, most of the creatinine clearance is reduced at a rate under consideration in adults, this decrease, and more mature than the age of the annual, and more there is a good correlation. Renal excretion of metabolites and active drug and a very important medicine provides important clinical information definition of the mechanism of renal tubular net . In preterm infants, secretion tubular reabsorption and organic acids certain amino acids, and potassium hydrogen ion is a relatively immature at birth in particular, was increased as a function of postnatal age. As part of the animal and continuous, immature state, on the other hand, the ability of phosphate reabsorption is enhanced when you adapt to their environment. In the case of glucose, under 34 weeks, transport system is relatively mature at the time of the infants so during pregnancy. One, as well as the treatment of pharmacological preterm infants tubular transport amino acids development, potassium, phosphorus, and nutrition, in the evaluation of long-term, you need to consider organic acid, these changes. Adult levels is different from ability and dilution capacity of the urine should be considered. To dilute the ability to be in the ability to take into account the fact that normal adult level three months and level of adult 14th. The ability to excrete water load reached adulthood at the end of January. Inability to concentrate urine at the level of the adult is due to it is impossible to correspond to the ADH The inherited microtubules and a small amount of ureThis article has reviewed the maturation of major renal tubular transport systems. The tubular reabsorption of certain amino acids and the secretion of organic acids, hydrogen ions, and potassium increases as a function of postnatal age, being relatively immature at birth, especially in the preterm infant. In contrast, the ability for phosphate reabsorption is enhanced during the immature state as the developing animal attempts to adapt to its environment. In the case of glucose, the transport system is relatively mature in the term infant and less so in the infant of less than 34 weeks gestation. One should consider these developmental changes in the renal tubular transport of amino acids, potassium, phosphate, and organic acids in the nutritional assessment and pharmacologic treatment of p reterm as well as term infants. References Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. P. Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. Jameson, J. Larry Loscalzo, Joseph (2010) .Harrison`s nephrology and acid base disorders. McGraw- Hill Professional. p.3 Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. P. 743. Developmental changes in renal tubular func [J Adolesc Health. 1994] PubMed NCBI Renal function in the neonate. 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