Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay When put together, it means sick of love. Once Montague and Lady Montague leave, Benvolio has to try and discover what is affecting him. Just in the first few lines of Benvolios and Romeos conversation, love, once again appears, not as sexual innuendos, but this time in a much more serious perspective. Benvolio asks, What sadness lengthens Romeos hours? and Romeo replies, Not having that which having makes them short, which is rather ironic as Romeo wants love and therefore his life is short. We previously identify this through the prologue. Elizabethans had an aristocratic view on love and so they thought it would always be bad as Benvolio indicates, so gentle in his view. As soon as Benvolio speaks of love, Romeo attempts to confuse the issue, but when he uncovers the essential truth, he emphasizes each word as if the facts were almost unbelievable and quite without justification. At line 169, Romeo honestly unveils the truth, heres much to do with hate, but more with love. This may not be extremely important in engaging the audience because they may already believe that his unrequited love is Juliet. But this is not the case, thus it will be a shock to the audience when they discover who it really is. His thoughts are of the clash between love and hate, which then places brutal and outrageous images in his head. This is also shown by the words he uses, Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness, serious vanity, Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms, Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, Still waking sleep, that is not what it is! Which also represents the confusion of his feelings and the contrast between them. This is an example of an oxymoron and the contradictions in life. It is applied in order to express the perplexity of Romeos emotions. It is also apparent that Romeo recognizes that Rosaline is a Capulet, the enemy, which is why his words of love and hate are intertwined, O brawling love, O loving hate. Once more, Romeo attempts to leave but Benvolio follows him and brings up the subject of love yet again. The word love catches Romeos attention; only this time, he counters Benvolios question by mocking his seriousness. In this section, there is a distinction between Rosaline and Juliets attitude to love. Rosaline, hath forsworn to love, indicating her love will not open out for anyone at this moment, and as he continues, and in that vow, do I live dead, that live to tell it now, reinforces the idea of Romeo finding love and life, and when he does, it will result in death. Romeo is caught up in false or artificial love. When real love comes, it will come as Juliet and will be a great impact in his life. The way he feels about Rosaline is much different to his feelings towards Juliet. As I have previously mentioned, we start scene II with Capulet and Paris, and his wish to marry Juliet as soon as possible. The information that we are told at the end of scene I, and the beginning of scene II, is surprising to the reader as we were lead to believe that it is Romeo and Juliet getting together, but it is apparent they are not and create a sense of curiosity. Capulet is presented as a kind hearted man and has faith in his daughter, earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she; She is the hopeful day of my earth. But this quote too, has dramatic irony, because Juliet dies in the end and therefore will have nothing to live for. Capulet then leaves after his lecture, leaving Peter, his servant with a piece of paper. Romeo and Benvolio enter and meet Peter, who is at fault, as he cannot read the list of whom he is meant to invite for the party. Romeo is persistent and patient with Peter. As he reads the list aloud to Peter, a name mentioned caught his attention; Rosaline. By now, he is even more tolerant with Peter because he realises that this is his chance to discover more about Rosaline. To return the favour, Peter prayed, come and crush a cup of wine, and then left. Of course, Romeo would take advantage of this due to his adoration of Rosaline. Benvolio also encourages him, go thither, and with attained eye, compare her face with some that I shall show. This is another example of dramatic irony as Romeo takes Benvolios advice and ironically, he does find another woman who happens to be Juliet. Presently however, Romeo questions, one fairer than my love? believing that there is no one else for him, but there is. Rosaline starts to fade out at the end of scene II. By introducing the nurse before Juliet in scene III, Shakespeare at one stroke made the drama domestic, bawdy, and affectionate in tone. As she speaks in turn to Lady Capulet and Juliet, the nurses speech is more dynamic and rhythmically varied than any so far in the play. Shakespeare was also able to introduce his heroin almost silently, so that in her first scene, Juliet speaks only seven lines. Attention is of course, focused on her, and her response is crucial for the development of the scene; yet she remains dutiful in speech and therefore mysterious and unknown. As lady Capulet did not ask any questions, the Nurse felt it was necessary to speak. Her long speech about the death of her daughter may indicate the events that could happen to Juliet. The bawdy lines 43-45: Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit; Wilt thou not, Jule? And, by my holidam, The pretty wretch left crying and said, Ay Provide a climax for the speech, making the nurse helpless with laughter and provoking three repetitions, two against the express wish of Lady Capulet. Probably the nurse should make an attempt to be silent or serious and then give in to her own instincts. Juliets involvement is effective as she may either be embarrassed by her Nurses bawdiness or may know that more is likely to follow and offend her mother. It is in this scene where Juliet speaks her thoughts of marriage and believes it is, an honour I dream not of, for she is still young and has no plans to marry. This is considered as dramatic irony for she has no desire to marry Paris but when she meets Romeo, she falls in love and marries him almost straight away. Then Lady Capulet asks, can you like Paris love? and Juliet answers, Ill look to like, if looking liking move. But no more deep will I endart my eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly, Reinforcing that she will meet him but Lady Capulet will have to wait before Juliet gives her verdict. The audience at this point will anticipate the judgment of young Juliet. Finally, there is one last major theme in the play, fate and tragedy. When mentioning the word tragedy, you automatically think death or a disaster outcome, which will make you want to know more about the event or situation. Shakespeare gives a hint of tragedy in the prologue, A pair of star-crossed lovers take their strife, and so connects with the thoughts of the audience. Star-crossed lovers are referred to as death. Their love brings both of them to an end and is thus, their destiny to die. The prologue gives a summary to what we expect to happen, but Shakespeare carefully made this to embody the divine intervention of Romeo and Juliet. In the Elizabethan times, the audience were lead to believe that fate always causes tragedy. As we know, we begin in a fight scene. Romeo is in fact not there, which may symbolise that Romeo is not part of the feud or that he is involved greatly. The quarrelling of fools is turned to civil mutiny as the prologue warned. Although Benvolio seeks to keep the peace, he is soon fighting as Tybalt threatens him with death. The Capulets and the Montagues are built on hate where as Romeo and Juliet is built on love and subsequently, inevitability is introduced. The prophetic words of Prince Escalus, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace, is ironic because we know that Romeo and Juliet, from each household, dies as a consequent to the feud that has been going on for many years. It is an insight for those who dont know, of what will tragically happen. Romeos unrequited love leads his life, but when another lady returns his love, his life comes to an end. The ironic in this is visible as we read Romeo and Benvolios conversation. Romeos fate as he believes, is to be with Juliet no matter what. So his determination to spend eternity with Juliet is his destiny to die. Romeo claims he is a victim of bad luck, in saying that he is Fortunes fool The mechanism of fate works in all of the events surrounding the lovers, including the feud between their families. This event is not mere coincidence, but manifestations of fate that help bring about the unavoidable outcome of the young lovers deaths. Fate in the play is influenced by the social situations and the personalities of each character. In scene II, Capulet recalls that he has nothing to live for but for his daughter, but because he is at war with whom Juliet loves, she dies as a consequence of this. It is bad luck to him and for both Romeo and Juliet. Peters obvious flaw of not being able to read is Romeos chance to meet Rosaline, but this is his fate to first meet Juliet. Meeting Peter was a fateful coincidence. Benvolio himself said to look for other women and this is what happened when he went to Capulets party. Benvolio urges Romeo to go to the party for the women, but Lady Capulet urges Juliet to go to meet Paris, giving the audience the benefit of the doubt. The audience at this point is now aware of how Juliet and Romeo meet. In scene III, the Nurse comments, An I might live to see thee married once, I have my wish, implies that she will see Juliets marriage with Paris, but not only does she miss it, but Juliets husband to be is a different man. The nurses speech is significant and refers to the death of her own child. The audience by now is much more interested as they now know more about the events. Overall, we can see that Shakespeare has created an atmosphere, which engages the audience right from the beginning. He uses imagery, emotive words, dramatic irony and various other techniques to do so. In the beginning, the prologue tells us what we are to expect, and as we near the end of scene III, our expectations are answered, but we are curious of how the events happen. Shakespeare has successfully completed his task to seize our mind.

Analysis Of Literary Studies

Analysis Of Literary Studies Amputation in poem is actually a metaphor of the doom on Dacca gauzes. Furthermore it also represents the similar fate of all rare art works. The author in the dark represents the young in modern society and his grandmother in the open is representative of people in old days Amputation is to weavers what the agony of missing the old things is to grandmother, which is like the air saturated with sorrow and pain. The old, with the high tempo of modern life, are not ready for getting used to the ever-changing society. Not only art works are turning to new forms and having a variety of styles in which modern elements can be found, but things except art are also changing totally. So the elderly prefer living in their memories grief yet full of graceful and sadness added with sweet. In the poem grandmothers saying No one knows what it was to wear or touch that cloth just tell readers how lonely she was. No one could understand why she treasured those transparent Dacca gauzes in the bottom of her heart so much. And the young seldom accurately estimated the value of those invaluable art works. So grandmother had to put down her words such as heirloom sari and genuine. Years later when heirloom sari tore, nieces and daughters-in-law inherited all those beautiful handkerchiefs made from the torn Dacca gauzes. How excited these successors should have been at the time they received heirlooms. Never. Those handkerchiefs too now lost. As for the young, amputation is a metaphor of a fair way for them to success the treasure from their ancestors and also it is a lively symbol of their attitude towards these old precious treasures. Especially when we refer to various forms of art which are loved by people in different age groups, we can easily find that there is a totally difference among their preference. The young, looking for pleasure, indulge themselves in the moment of blink while the old, searching for old feelings, enjoy the perpetuity of delicacy and beauty. So the old learned to face the increasingly changing reality towards everything despite their difficulty in getting used to it while the young pursuit new things which belong to the modern world even though they get ready to hear what their grandparents say about the past. Finally a picturesque setting of the due-starched morning once again is providing to us. Grandmother has been pulling the muslins through her wing. Literary studies à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡ The story of Williamsons mysterious disappearance made by Ambrose Bierce known for his satirical lexicon tells the issues of American society in pre-Civil War. That is peoples inward fear under the disoriented society with the unbalance between rigorous yet imperfect law system and seemingly harmonious yet cold social order. People, on their own stand, reacted in various ways when they are witnessing the disappearance of William. And the court must to make sure that whether Mr. William was gone before his estate was distributed according to law. The characters all forgot to tell something and the mystery of disappearance remained, from which the metaphor is the disappearing memory of the slavery in the endless American history. In a nut shell, the truism about the relation between law and social order is that there is a functional gap between them despite they never isolated from each other. As a tool used to serve regime, the ruling class rely on it to keep the social order well within a certain scope. However law only compensates for the darkness of a society as it is drafted by men who were hampered by the culture of their time. Linguistics à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚   What metonymy is that figure of speech in which a word or expression normally or strictly used of one thing is used of something physically or otherwise associated with it. And from the book Metaphors We Live By written by Lakoff and Johnson in 1980 we can learn that metonymy is a cognitive process which involves conceptual mapping and reference point phenomena. The expansion meaning of the word log is to meet the cognitive need when people develop vocabulary system. At first the word log was used as a noun to describe a bulky mass of wood. When we use a semantic triangle [1] to explain this, it is easy for us to understand the changes of the meaning and usage of this word. Concept Symbol Things [1] Semantic triangle From the original concept of log we firstly refer to the symbol of something natural or raw. As a result, things such as an unhewn portion of a felled tree and firewood were related with that symbol. In 1574 an apparatus used as an indicator of the rate of ships motion was called log because the apparatus was of a thin quadrant of wood which had some similar qualities of firewood. To expand the meaning from indicator to measurement unit, the concept of a vessel occurred in the year 1883. Then the word log-board occurred as it was also related to a ships log. Continually the meaning expanded to journal as it was the content of log-board. At last log represented any progress or performance of something in the order considered logically right as log had ever had the meaning of an apparatus for ascertaining the rate of a ships motion. Except all talked above, there is another kind of change which commonly occur in metonymy. That is change in part of speech which is considered as grammatical metonymy. We can see that the word log can use as a verb when people want to express the meaning such as opening or terminating a time-shared system such as database or email on computer. Translation 1. A) The topic of this essay is as follows: Education in America has its unique purpose for serving the American social system not for others, so it is totally successful within the U.S. community. It is never too late to reach a conclusion and take action before we are clear about the accurate definition of the success of education. So please give a second thought when this topic about the success of American education runs into your eyes, neither becoming so elated with cheers and applauses nor coming into immediate searing criticism with anger and frown on your face. The author argued in this article that on one hand philosophers, scientists and engineers are produced in the U.S. education system. On the other hand it also turns the other large group of people into the superficial, the ones pursing dazzling things in the torrent of fashion, the eye-blinded who are vulnerable to manipulation and the idiots at the annual peak of shopping mania, which are all required in the money-oriented capitalism economies. B) Social-cultural sensitivity and cross-cultural awareness are required for translator especially when they do some translation of advertisement. What information a company wants to tell consumers in foreign markets can easily be distorted by mistranslation. So I will translate that slogan as follow: B. TT1 is a direct translation of the Source Text. However TT2 is not because it is translated with more considering about the culture of target reader. As a saying in china, the sentence in TT2 is easier for Chinese to understand and smoke in the ST must be translated into wind and fire should also be translated into white water as this is a kind of faithfulness in Chinese culture. When we do translation, we should develop our awareness of the dialectic relationship between Chinese and English C Translation is a loyal recurrence of the beauty of the origins when we translate the art works and we should pay more attention to the effectiveness of the translated words and sentences especially when we do translation of the writings except for literary work. An ideal translator should be a person who is both loyal to the original and is palatable to its target audience. However this is difficult sometimes especially when we translate works written in the years far from now or when we meet the cultural difference among different language systems. So keeping the balance between faithfulness in the text sources and service for target readers are the core issues concerning translation studies.

Marketing Analysis Of Marks And Spencer

Marketing Analysis Of Marks And Spencer Success is the ability of a firm to do well than its competitors. By 1990s MS had been massively successful in terms of market share profit. Therefore, we can take up that the firm was overtaking its competitors in term of market share and profit. This was attained by different approaches. The companys maturity, strategies, philosophy and control of the value chain were all vital to its success. Strategy of product and service differentiation was the main feature for MS . The development of brand St Michael and its creation as a sign of British manufactured quality, at a sensible price were essential to the company. By providing a welcoming, co-operative service that guarantee superior shopping comfort and handiness to customers, distinguished MS from further high street retailers. The company quickly turn into a household name, with a solid corporate image, that could be trusted upon to give good value for money. This prepared it stand out from the rest and therefore more fruitful. As MS matured, and it advanced along its experience curve, it was able to benefit from an accumulation of experience, process innovation, economies of scale and improving customer brand loyalty (Porter M. 1980. pp163-164). This assisted the company to deliver improved service at a low cost, to customers who were less price-sensitive, thus assuring success. Simon Marks, well-known as aggressive Leader for his expertise over the business and his thought. His firm thoughts and realization of core values provided the company a strongly devoted ethos culture. This ethos was continued through the employ of staff that would fit-in and turn into part of the family. Staffs of MS were very faithful, which meant that they could be trusted upon to provide the true level of service to the clients. They actually were Customer oriented through the start of the business to be crucial to the success of the company. MS deployed a very thoughtful style of strategy, which empowered whole control of all features of the business. Thru its was effective years, the company kept and remained true to the durable core values, firstly set in place by Simon Marks. Every store manager tracked central route on all matters with devotion to rules and the company fundamental ethics and values. This confirmed that the MS image was steady throughout the nation and assis ted to support the business identity. The culture admired the policy and strengthened the companys victory through differentiation. Simon Marks recognized the market necessity for great quality at reasonable price. It was his trust that most of the British suppliers could arrange for these items and he rapidly forged close ties with his belief suppliers. This connection was so vital, it was incorporated in the companys central principles. Suppliers had to deliver products of the high quality and description and this assisted to give MS a large manufactured goods range that customers could trust on. The locked-in suppliers, captive distribution, owned retail outlets, effective in-house service network and strong after sales support meant that MS had a strong vertically integrated system that controlled most of the value chain (Porter. Ibid. p128). Guaranteed products from a assured chain assisted make MS so fruitful. The achievement of MS was not only owed to the company itself, a certain amount of good fortune is also required for any business to succeed , creativity, hard work and market requirement. Back in the late 1880s, Michael Marks had not continued with the penny bazaars or Simon Marks not carried back ideas from America proceeding how to advance the business, then it is more than probable that the company would not have been a achievement. MS was so effective because it occupied an area of the retail market that no one other had. It distinguished itself and continued high criteria in product quality and customer deal whereas keeping price reasonable. MS managers were devoted to the company beliefs and operated closely to produce strong links with British suppliers. Market Penetration: i.e. existing products in existing markets. Additional product lines have been offered in the food and clothing categories to gain more market share. MS has introduced a designer collection with the aim of entering different segments of the younger (Thompson, 2001). Also, different product ranges such as cosmetics, furniture, books and CD, financial services etc have been introduced. Certain marketing events has been introduced by MS such as growing advertising, employing an outside agency for public relations and launching the marketing department to take a more dedicated customer orientation. MS has upgraded its product lines through innovation. E.g. Buying in new fabrics and colours, increasing product offerings (MS 1998 annual report). Product Development: i.e. new products in existing markets. MS offers customers a more extensive choice based by the highest quality and safety standards. MS introduced in-store bakeries, rear-service delicatessen, hot food counters and so on into stores to differentiate itself from competitors for providing new selling opportunities for unique product ranges (MS 1998 annual report). Some innovative products are added such as washable silk, jumpers and etc. (MS 1998 annual report). Furthermore, MS introduces sub brand designer in order to supply a collection of womens clothing for the fashion conscious woman (http://marksandspencer.com, 18/03/02). Market Development: i.e. existing products in new markets. MS increased selling space by 410,000 sq ft in 1998 through opening 4 new stores, extending 16 stores and purchasing 19 selected stores from Littlewoods (MS 1998 annual report) in order to upgrade and make the stores more pleasure experience for the customer. Also, MS has opened a number of stores at UK railway station and airports. MS has tried to enter into the young segment by offering more fashionable clothing and introducing some designer brand. Moreover, MS is now offering a mail order for busy people and those living in remote areas. Mean while the company continued to established markets in Western Europe, Canada, USA, and the Far East, this was now being done via a franchise method. Diversification: i.e. new products in new markets. Apart from its core products: food and clothing, MS developed a new strategic direction within the UK through its diversification into financial services, home furnishings etc. (Maureen Whitehead, 1992). MS also diversified into US retail food market by purchasing Kings Supermarkets (http://www.clm1.org, 24/04/02). Until 1998, MS has already had more than 20 outlets. MS also diversified into the world market. They were following-up on their worldwide reputation that they had gained since the 50s by only selling quality items at value pricing. Current Strategic Situation: Due to successful again MS must to inspect what made them successful originally Simons Marks understanding of customer preferences and trends. This led MS to meeting the customers requirements in the market and launching some very solid core capabilities, which over time commanded to others. Though, where MS pass on wrong is that they lost touch with the developing market and hence requirements of customers; customers needs transformed but they didnt. To re-establish this success MS must certify they know the market exceptionally well and decide what section of the market they wish to acquire. By going back to their original rudiments, inspecting their existing strengths and deciding on a market segmentation strategy that best matches these strengths, MS should be able to become moneymaking once more. Continuous satisfactory market research must be accompanied to certify MS does not lose touch again with their target market as another blunder could critically damage the organisation . Today MS is operating in a highly competitive market where purchasers have a comparatively high percentage of disposable income and are spending large amounts. This gives them high negotiating power specially since they are well knowledgeable about competition and so it is important to use the most cost effective suppliers to be able to save costs and grow the profit. With modern manufacturing techniques consumers are expecting high quality even at this low cost. Buyers presume a minimum standard and a market accumulation situation had established. The large number of substitute products in the market today also helps makes it this highly competitive atmosphere; there are many other retailers having competition for both the top and bottom end of the market share. This necessitates MS to have an aggressive marketing strategy to recapture market share. MS needs to take opportunities which form on its current strengths and be cautious about current threats that could potentially lead to more difficulties. By structure on existing strengths or core capabilities MS should goal to strengthen its market place and form new competencies earlier boarding on a noteworthy expansion program. Once a number of strong core competencies have been established MS can consider dangerous growth. SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS MS became Well Known MS has created a Good image for their customers. Their store locations were prime. Clothing is a requirement but several peoples also purchase a wide-ranging variety of clothes to match their different events or desires. Urge purchasing accounts for a high share of sales. Customers are continually purchasing new clothes to fill their wardrobes, either for the reasons of fashion or to switch worn-out stuffs. The UK industry is stronger in design fashion. Less common for people to get prepare their personal clothes than it was in the past. Costs of manufacture are dropping down as manufacturing is progressively being moved to inexpensive places around the world. WEAKNESSES Severe rivalry lead MS to heavy discounting that is grind down profit margins. The UK cloth trade has lesser output than leading European competitors is progressively being vulnerable by low cost foreign competition. Substantial brands have high profiles and their goods are relaxed to copy by counterfeiters with slight changes by competitors. Large chains dominate the retail sector and the only way to gain share in this mature market is to success to win customers from competitors. Speedy fashion variations can render items obsolete very quickly. Outmoded mail order collections are losing ground, as it is difficult to keep well-informed of fashion. Internet selling is unlikely to be significantly successful, as customers like to try on clothes and see the superiority of fabric and workmanship. Sales are periodic, with the greatest spending taking place in the run-up to Christmas, when more expensive coats and party wear are anticipated. Clothes are also common gift choices. The state of the reduced can have an important impact on sales at the top end of the market, as well as on desire buying. OPPORTUNITIES Men still spend less on dresses than women and this segment of the market remains underexploited. There is quiet sufficiently of probable for further merging in the market. The asset of brands such as Dorothy Perkins and the expertise of British retailers suggest there is probable for further growth abroad, mostly in the new EU member states. The ending of the MFA should lead to more discounts in the cost of products which could increase retail sales overall and/or cause consumers to trade up to items once elsewhere their means. Number of working women remains to growth, they will not only want more clothes for work but are also more probable to have the financial freedom to create clothes purchases. The industry remains to encourage a teenager marketplace for fashion-conscious 8 to 12 year-olds. THREATS Clothing chains from overseas, mainly those from Europe, such as Zara, have positively occupied UK high streets. Conventionally popular retailers, like Marks and Spencer, will have to adapt or face the harm of more market share to aggressive groups such as Arcadia. Both manufacturing and retailing are labour concentrated and are affected by legislature concerning minimum wages and working hours. The increasing participation of grocery multiples in clothing retailing is adding low-price volume to the market. A recession in the economy could cause men, in specific, to cut back on overall expenditure in this sector. In the current market environment a quantity of choices are open to MS now. These include: Founding a strategic union with another organisation This would involve an unwritten agreement with other clothes retailers not to encroach on each others market share. This would allow MS to regain strength in its original core business and so ensure it is in a better position to possibly expand into new markets in the future. Dis-investments In order to focus all its efforts on the recovery of the UK business, MS could divest or close non-core businesses and assets, which would allow it to focus only on core business until its market position is regained. Purchasing of smaller competitors To minor the level of competition and create trading easier MS could buy up minor retailers. This would give MS more control over the market and growth their market share deprived of making many changes. For MS to attain organic development and recover the market share they once had they neediness to initially toughen their core profit centres by selling more of their current merchandise to their current clients. After this MS can initiate to reconstruct its reputation for quality service and distinguish their products so customers observe them to be of higher value then the competition. By control the price constant this should help take back segments of the market missing to competitors. Once this is attained MS can remain to look at choices for product innovation. By introducing absolutely new and original products they can further strengthen their market segments. After this has been completed MS should begin to market their current merchandise to attract customers from fresh market segments through careful advancement planned by careful market research. Once they have recognized a position in other market segments they can begin to distinguish their merchandise within that mark et segment and additional strengthen their position. Finally, MS can initiate to once again increase by looking at new product options in completely new markets such as financial services. Therefore I would recommend MS primarily disinvest loss-making sub-sidiaries to allow the organisation to focus on upgrading its core business strength. This can be assisted by founding a strategic alliance with other organisations not to violate on each others market for the time being. Smaller competitors should not be attained at this stage until MS is in a sturdier financial position. Strategic Direction for the future: Internal Development: MSs will have to invest in training led to enhanced performance of supervisors and junior management. In-addition, MS will have to give people widespread roles through inspiration in order to help organization grow more smoothly. Inside the UK market MS will have to decide to revolutionize the store with modern look. The upgrading on design and layout for the store will have been introduced in an attempt to gain customer demands on convenience and to increase more shopping attractive. done Acquisitions: MS have to buy more stores as part of the growth programme; this will allow the company to double the number of locations. The store bought will then be altered into MS corporate style, with specific departments of the MS business (Welwyn Garden City). Joint Development: The relationship with suppliers allows MS to sharing knowledge and information throughout the supply chain i.e. MS worked with its suppliers e.g. Dupont to pioneer the use of the material Lycra for the mass market (case study). Future Resources of MS: Tangible:  ª Wide variety of high quality products with value for money, own-brand products  ª Hard working staff and good management team  ª Loyal customers Intangible:  ª High product value  ª Good image, so it will converted into high reputation  ª Buyer and staff loyalty  ª They will must have some Strong relationships with suppliers  ª Highly expertise expertise knowledge Human:  ª Supply-chain management; expertise in outsourcing  ª Outstanding services in purchasing and merchandising  ª Small hierarchy that will allow outstanding communications between head office purposes and stores. E.g. managers ask about employees opinions frequently to encourage argument and the expression of new ideas Successful strategic management requires winning, retaining and balancing resources. Performance depends directly on simple, mostly tangible, resources, but the growth of tangible resources is dependent on intangible factors. However, for MS, the loyalty of customers and the reputation is decreasing, the morale is shrinking and the cost is increasing (Kim Warren, 2002). The value chain analysis could be used to identify the organisational capabilities. Value Chain Analysis: SUPPORT ACTIVITIES Firm Infrastructure:  ª Subcontracting with suppliers as well as outsourcing domestically and internationally  ª Development of financial services such as availability of credit cards Technology Development:  ª MSs technologists working together with suppliers to gain knowledge about product development (e.g. with Dupont-Lycra)  ª EPOS system to help MS improve productivity so that it can respond faster to market changes  ª Customer ordering system (mailing system)  ª Having its own website for online selling, which allow customers to see products and service online Human Resource Management:  ª Good appraisal system for employees such as store Management training program and so on (Morgenstein Strongin, 1992)  ª Specialist advisers in key departments  ª Staff service initiatives Procurement  ª Minimising the environmental impact of their operations and merchandise  ª A well established supply base, with a high product specification standards PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Inbound Logistics:  ª Long-Term and non-contractual relationship based on mutual trust and understanding  ª Integrated business process with suppliers in terms of product specification, material management, quality control and so on  ª Sharing knowledge and information throughout the supply chain Operations:  ª Exclusive quality control in the operation process  ª Dealing direct with manufacturers instead of through intermediaries, understanding and controlling products from raw materials to finished goods  ª Subcontracting production with very tight conditions to suppliers  ª The costs of stockholding were carried by the supplier  ª Working across within franchises Outbound Logistics:  ª Franchise agreement overseas such as Greece, Indonesia, Thailand and so on  ª Good Store location Marketing and Sales:  ª Comfortable shopping environment  ª High quality products with good value for money  ª Wide ranges of products and services Services:  ª Offering the highest standard of customer care (Johnson Schole, 1997; Case Study) The value chain analysis helps MS identify the way to cooperate across different functions in the chain and then add more value to products and sustain competitive advantages. Having had the value chain analysis, the core competences of MS are as following:  ª Sourcing methods  ª Ability to deliver high value, reliable, consistent quality products  ª The trust from investors and customers  ª High quality of management 4.0 Evaluation MS Strategy: In order to evaluate MS strategy, the SFA analysis will be give below: Strategy Suitability Feasibility Acceptability Differentiation * * * Do Nothing Withdrawal * * * Market Penetration * * Market Development * * * Product Development * * Diversification * Internal Development * * * Acquisition * * Joint Development * * * Differentiation The company had serious consideration regarding the future direction of the company and its brand (St. Michaels). Because of its success in image, branding and quality, it is viewed acceptable to continue down the same road. Do Nothing The Do Nothing strategy has not been successful as it leaves MS behind in the market place, due to this MS has lost its continuous development in terms of quality, branding, customer values and so on. They have proven too slow to take action against those changes in a very competitive market place. Withdrawal According to the company inability to operate successfully in countries such as Canada, US, Fast East and some European countries as well as the Asian crisis in 1997, the choice left for the company would be to close the unprofitable outlets while remain operating in the other countries that still profitable. Market Penetration MS starts to introduce a number of new product lines in 1998 such as cosmetics, financial services, furniture and etc. however by the time they were introduced its competitors had already followed MS some successful strategy. Consequently, MS has lost its competitive advantage. Market Development Regarding to the acquisition of 19 outlets from the Littlewoods group this was suitable because it allowed the company to achieve its reposition in the market place. Product Development MS re-evaluated and improved a number of product lines mainly in the food and lady clothing, but also entered into the furnishing business. The food lines improved MSs profitability; however, the clothing and soft furnishing have not yet been able to compete with high street competitors. Diversification MS had taken their standard strategy formula and tried to stall it in their overseas operations, but they did not take the culture differences and other risks, i.e. economic, commercial and political. Internal Development The modernization of outlets, the retraining of employee and upgrading their central purchasing system helped MS to be more competitive in the marketplace. Acquisition MS acquired the 19 stores from Littelwoods for the purpose of adding them to the up-grading programme with the purpose of adding to the companys property assets. The company also acquired the food chain King Supermarkets in the United State, this operation operates under its own name. Joint Development MS required new ideas to add excitement to its product lines and therefore enhance the shopping experience of their customers. The failure of MSs suppliers to develop possible new products has been viewed as a failure in their relationship which had to be addressed without delay. The problem was due to the past attention had been given to quality and efficient delivery of the product, Marks Spencer standards have always be strict, the MS and not enough effort on focusing on their customers and what customer wanted from the relationship. When the customers feel satisfied then will be prepared to commit themselves to future purchases from the same supplier, this can be viewed that the relationship gives MS a real competitive advantages as well as economic 5.0 MSs situation: Text Box: Industry Saleshttp://www.coursework.info/document/3/4/4/44381/44381_files/image013.gif According to the life cycle, MS is sitting in the mature stage and the fortunes have been in decline. As the increasing competition such as from Next and Gap, the customer tastes changing and the short of experience of going overseas, MSs profit declined sharply from  £1,102m in 1997 to  £546m in 1999 and the share price declined from  £6.65 to  £4.61 (The Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2001). http://www.coursework.info/document/3/4/4/44381/44381_files/image014.gifGap Analysis: MS was very successful in product range and quality in the past; therefore, they overlooked the changes in the environment such as increasing competition, changes in customer tastes and so on. As a result, they remain do-nothing strategy without investing in product innovation, environmental monitoring or marketing, which led to the decreasing in profits in 1998. In order to fill the gap, MS should start to look at and change product and marketing strategies. Furthermore, different options should be looked at by MS such as brand identity (different brands for different segments), segmentation (more attention on key segments), diversification (for the financial service, they should choose the effective target audience and identify their needs and wants properly). (MS Corp. Press Office, 2001) http://www.coursework.info/document/3/4/4/44381/44381_files/image015.gif In the past, MSs strategy based on broad differentiation (image of good quality and wide range of products at affordable price). At the moment, its strategy was unclear because they were trying to do everything to maintain its competitive advantage. They are using unrelated strategies such as cutting costs (cost leadership) as well as trying to use differentiation focus by entering different niche markets (financial services and so on) as well as differentiating its brand through the range of products on offer. Consequently, leads to the company positioning in stuck in the middle. All in all, MS failed the sustainable competitive advantage hurdle. With fickle customers, changing fashions and intense competition, a sustainable competitive advantage is difficult to maintain in this particular sector. Although MS has plenty of attractive retail space and George Davies brought a magician, however, MS need to have some dramatic change in order to survive and revive. 6.0 Recommendation and conclusion: MS faces the toughest test of its ability to survive in the war of the High Street. It must not only defend its market share, but must also find ways of gaining back customers perception in terms of quality, brand loyalty and so on. MS required new ideas to add excitement to its product lines and therefore enhance the shopping experience of their customers (Dennis Adcock, 2000). MS is changing itself such as outsourcing and recruit more new and young employees. New strategies are in Place: an upmarket clothing line has been introduced, returning to selling only own-brand products, stores have been revamped, top management appointments made, the utilization of Microsoft BizTalk serve and Window 2000 serve and opening out-of-town stores to shift surplus stock. The difficulty for MS is achieving the right balance between the corporate values that gave it its strong market position, and the innovation that is required to stay competitive. It is a tough time for MS and also the right time for a new broom, MS should get lessons from past and look at more about what is happening in the market place and change itself from the old way of doing things to a brand-new image in order to sustain its competitive advantage and regain its leading position. Reference: Books:  · Case Study from Declan  · Daft and Marcic, 2001  · Dennis Adcock, 2000, Marketing Strategies for competitive advantage; John WileySons Inc.  · Hartley and Palmer, 1999  · Jennings and Wattam, 1994, Decision Making An Integrated Approach, 2nd edition, Financial Times, Pitman  · Jobber, 2001, Principles and Practice of Marketing, 3nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company  · Johnson, Scholes, 1993, Exploring Corporate Strategy Text and Cases, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd.  · Johnson Schole, 1997, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall  · Kim Warren, 2002, Strategic Performance connecting to the fundamentals of business dynamics, London Business School  · Morgenstein Strongin, 1992, Modern Retailing Management Principles Practice, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall  · Naylor, 1999  · Thompson, 2001, Strategic Management, 4th Edition, British Library Internet:  · http://www.clm1.org/education/2001/ms.pdf, 24/04/02  · http://marksandspencer.com, 18/03/02  · http://www.statsed.co.uk/bes/bes_spring1999/28_2/sec2.htm, 19/04/02 Other Sources:  · Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2001  · Marks Spencer Press Release, June, 1996  · MS 1998 annual report  · MS Corp. Press Office, 2001  · Maureen Whitehead, 1992, Management Decision, Vol. 32 No. 3, 1994, pp. 38-41  · Pawlyna, Andrea, British retailer on the roll, Asian Business, April, 1996  · Welwyn Garden City, Deputy Head, Stanborough School Appendix 1: http://www.c

Predicting the Future of the United States Economy Essay -- economics

It is to my belief that no one can possibly predict the future of the economy. Because of this we are faced with many questions that cannot be easily answered. Will the economy recover drastically or simply continue to increase moderately? Or could the economy in turn go into a recession? â€Å"There's been plenty of good news about the U.S. economy†¦ employment is expanding (2.4 million new payroll jobs in the last year); inflation remains low (less than a 2 percent rate in the past quarter); the stock market is higher (up 11 percent on the Dow from its November low), and business investment is impressive (rising at a 14 percent rate in late 2004).† (1) It is my opinion that unless something drastic happens in the world today, positive or negative, the economy will continue to increase at a modest rate. Even though no one quite knows which way our economy is heading, there are many economic concepts designed to help measure positive and negative changes that can show us how well we are or are not doing. These concepts include examples such as gross domestic product (GDP), business cycle, and unemployment rate. It is only human nature to want economy growth because it will lead to higher incomes and higher living standards. In order to see which direction our economy is heading and measure our economic performance, a system was invented that measures the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period of time, usually a year. This system it called gross domestic product (GDP). These figures are closely watched by those in the business and financial communities to measure our economy’s growth. GDP is a measure of the economy’s output. It is measured by counting all final goods and services once and only once that are produced during a current period, within the country. GDP can be measured by totaling the expenditures on goods and services produced during a specific time frame. This is referred to as the expenditure approach. Conversely, GDP can be reached by adding the income payments to resources suppliers and the other costs of producing those goods and services. Production of goods and services can be costly because it requires resources that cannot be used else where. These expenses generate incomes for resource suppliers. Therefore, this method of calculating GDP is referred to as resource cost-income a... ... The rate of unemployment is an important measurement of the conditions in the total labor market. The rate of unemployment is the percentage of people in the labor force who are unemployed. It is equal to the number of people unemployed divided by the number of people in the labor force multiplied by 100. The department of Labor indicates five reasons why people may experience unemployment. These reasons included: new entrants, reentrants, job leavers, dismissed, on layoff. As the world changes, new products are introduced and new technologies are developed, some unemployment is inevitable. However, there can be a positive side to job searching because an individual can possibly find a better job. Even though no one can quite know which way our economy is heading, by closely observing our gross domestic product (GDP), business cycle, and unemployment rate we will have a better understanding. Because our world is so dynamic, there are so many variables that can change in an instant creating a peak or recession in our economy. The most important thing to remember, however, is neither a peak nor recession last forever so the only thing that remains constant is change.

Superconductivity and Superconductors :: Physics Physical Essays

Superconductivity and Superconductors ABSTRACT Superconductivity allows current to pass through a material with no resistive losses at near absolute zero temperatures. It also exhibits the Meissner effect which causes the superconducting material to repel magnetic fields. The application of this technology has been extremely limited due to the prohibitive costs of using Helium to cool the material to the critical temperatures. Recently, however, new ceramic materials were discovered which exhibit superconductive properties at higher temperatures which can be reached using cheaper liquid Nitrogen cooling. Applications have immediately expanded and are expected to become amazing in the near future as scientists search for a room temperature superconductor. ORIGINS Superconductivity is the passing of electricity through conductors with no loss of power (Graham 17).

Home Depot Environmental Issues

1) On the basis of Home Depot’s response to environmental issues, describe the attributes (power, legitimacy, urgency) of this stakeholder. Assess the company’s strategy and performance with environmental and employee stakeholders. A stakeholder framework helps identify the internal stakeholders and the external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders such as: employees, boards of directors, and managers. Customers, special interest groups, regulators, and others who agree are external stakeholders who collaborate and engage in confrontations on ethical issues. ) As a publicly traded corporation, how can Home Depot justify budgeting so much money for philanthropy? What areas other than the environment, disaster relief, affordable housing, and at-risk youth might be appropriate for strategic philanthropy by Home Depot? Home Depot is about giving back and recycling money through the community. Giving to the community in return gives to Home Depot. Consumers motto after what t hey have set forth and help fulfill the need to give back to those in need.Those in need and those who help are a part of the environment, disaster relief, and youth. They are hitting every corner possible. Other areas could be the elderly in the community and schools in the community. What Home Depot does spreads out to consumers and the community. 3) Is Home Depot’s recessionary strategy of eliminating debt and halting growth a wise one? What would you recommend to the CEO? Wiser more than likely, the strategy Home Depot has set forth goes well in hand with their do good model.Home Depot has shown it doesn’t have to expand and add to in order to remain the top home improvement store. With the circulation of money from stakeholders and consumers, money does not have to be borrowed from outside lenders. Receiving payback money would add to the recession by borrowing what you do not need to owe at a later time. I recommend the CEO to not forget about employee incentives and keep the funds in circulation through the community and consumers. Similar essay: Summary â€Å"The Environmental Issue from Hell†

Case Study Of Precision Engineering Ltd Environmental Sciences Essay

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1999 and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2002 Regulation, places a legal responsibility on employers to cut down the hazard to employees â€Å" so far as is moderately operable † from exposure to chemicals. It besides places a responsibility of attention to others who may be affected by any work activities-goods and services provided. A hazard appraisal if carried out right will place many control methods ; nevertheless it will besides sketch residuary factors which may still be harmful to wellness even with robust control steps in topographic point, farther controls may be required: Management controls: ( Training, Information ; Guidance ; Supervision ) : Technology controls ( Elimination ; Substitution ; Reduction ; Isolation ) . However farther controls ; an appropriate wellness surveillance government ( s ) may be required when indicated. Health surveillance will be necessary by agencies of an identified disease-adverse-health status. A condition-disease straight related to an employee by exposure to a particular-specific wellness hazard. Where a Hazard Assessment ( RA ) placing a â€Å" sensible likeliness † that it occurred as portion of their on the job conditions. And it can be established under known-valid techniques ( e.g. sampling/laboratory proving ) . Previous related cases of work related sick wellness conditions in similar industry. E.g. ( Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations, 1995 ) , ( RIDDOR ) ( Health and Safety Executive ) , ( HSE stats ) . ( Insurance claims, benchmarking similar industries ) . Do we use/supply carcinogens ; solvent fume-vapour merchandises. Make our employees/individuals use ( Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992 ) , during their normal on the job activities. ( â€Å" HSE Health Surveillance at Work HSG61, HSE Preventing Asthma at Work † ) . Taken from: – ( The Health and Safety Executive Statistics 2010/11 ) . â€Å" The current estimation of the one-year figure of occupational malignant neoplastic disease deceases in Great Britain is around 8000. Around 15 % of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD ) including bronchitis and emphysema ) may be work related. This suggests there could be some 4000 ( COPD ) deceases each twelvemonth due to past occupational exposures to exhausts, chemicals and dusts † .4000 Number of Deaths.300025002000150040001982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010Death certifications Disablement benefitDirect EXSPOSURE MEASUREMENT SUERVEY METHODOLOGY:TRICHLOROETHYLENE & A ; TOLUENE.Regulation ( 10 ) ( COSHH, 2002 ) outlines the demand to supervise employee ‘s exposure to risky substances. One such technique is â€Å" Air Sampling † , ( EH40, 2005 2nd Edition 2011 ) , Workplace Exposure Limits. A substance given-assigned a specified ( W EL ) â€Å" is the maximal concentration of an airborne substance averaged over a referenced clip period, to which an person ( s ) may be exposed by inspiration † ) . ( COSHH, 2002 ) Regulation 7 ( 7 ) – ( degree Celsius ) ( â€Å" Exposure to Asthmagens & A ; Carcinogens † ) requires an employer to cut down exposure â€Å" so far as is sensible operable † . In our instance it will be necessary to transport out a methodological air trying programme as outlined by ( COSHH, 2002 ) , ordinance ( 10 ) . ( EH40, 2005 ) : outlines exposure ‘s to Trichloroethylene-Toluene as: – 100 ppm for 8hr long term exposure, 200 ppm for 15min short term exposure. Monitoring Procedure: To set up an exposure degree for both dissolvers a â€Å" Personal full-shift time-weighted-average ( TWA ) needs be established † . Monitoring must be arranged at the â€Å" external respiration zone † , the unit is normally worn on the lapel of the trial topic, the pump unit attached to an person ‘s belt, ( HSE, MDHS 70 ) . The chosen unit: a ( Casella Vortex IS ) , ( IS ) per se safe ( spark-ignition cogent evidence ) , â€Å" Mk 42 † , Class 1 to BS1259 point. This unit is industry recognised for its truth in bring forthing effectual consequences for â€Å" Personal-Dose † monitoring-measurement techniques and would be appropriately effectual in this instance. â€Å" Stainless steel † trying tubings are used integrating â€Å" SKC 226-357 sorbent tubing tenax † , infused with 250mg of sorbent lined activated wood coal, calibrated to pull air at a known rate between 0.5-3.5liters/min. Unit standardization will b e necessary, by ( â€Å" Field Rotameter † ) to find flow rates. Each individual is equipment with a device at the start of their displacement ; they ‘re instructed to transport out their day-to-day undertaking ( s ) , limited to the usage of solvent compounds in the preset countries. All breaks non-associated actions ; other activities are non calculated during the monitoring procedure, nevertheless will be recorded as portion of the exposure computations as ( 0 ) ratings. It will be necessary to supervise all employees as the work store country constitutes their primary location. The monitoring procedure should take around two hebdomads to finish as all six persons have to be assessed. However sampling readings are farther required for the chemical shop country. The operation has seven employees ; nevertheless one is the receptionist, one a director. Normally the monitoring procedure would be 1-5 ratio it would be prudent to include all five employees plus the director as portion of the monitoring programme. Current on the job times are: 8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 8am-12midday Saturday. ( EH40, 2005 2nd Edition 2011 ) . â€Å" Time increases may be split into several Sessionss for the intent of monitoring/sampling, taking history of remainder & A ; meal interruptions etc. E.g. â€Å" : Trichloroethylene-Toluene Working period Exposure ( mg.m-3 ) Duration of trying ( H ) 08:00-10:30 0.32 2.5 10:45-12:45 0.07 2 13:30-15:30 0.2 2 15:45-17:15 0.1 1.5 Exposure is calculated as ( 0 ) during the periods 10:30 to 10:45, 12:45 to 13:30 and 15:30 to 15:45. The 8-hour TWA = ( 0.32 x 2.5 ) + ( 0.07 x 2 ) + ( 0.20 x 2 ) + ( 0.10 x 1.5 ) + ( 0 x 1.25 ) 8 0.80 + 0.14 + 0.40 + 0.15 + 0 8 = 0.19 mg.m-3 Around 1-10 tubings will be used as â€Å" mention tubings † . The monitoring result ( s ) are really much dependant upon the sampling-analysis findings, nevertheless if past monitoring informations is believable, the debut of a Health Surveillance government may be necessary. Sampling analysis demands to be carried out by an independent beginning, a specialist research lab to find concentration values. The procedure used is: â€Å" Thermal Desorption † and â€Å" gas mass spectrum chromatography, ( GC-MS ) . ( GC-MS ) represents a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure and library designation for each compound is extended. ( GC-MS ) is extremely recommended by industry for volatile chemical contaminations. The analysis process must be undertaken by a UKAS accredited installation. Inside the edifice are four countries:Outline Plan.Extractor FanChemical ShopMain WorkshopExtractor FanDoorRest RoomsDoorReception AreaDoorEngineering Process Controls.Pr eciseness Engineering Ltd has traditional used dissolvers in their metal degreasing and surface cleansing operations. The more common groups associated with this procedure are: chlorinated dissolver types such as: – Perchloroethylene, Dichloromethane ( Methylene Chloride ) trichloroethane and Toluene. Precision Engineering Ltd has preponderantly used Trichloroethylene ( CICH=CCI2 ) and Toluene ( C6H5CH3 ) as their preferable dissolver for operation use. The reclassification of Trichloroethylene ( ‘trike ‘ ) , to a class 2 carcinogen, ( European Union, 2001 ) , ( EU ) and comes under ( Risk Phase R45, R42 /43 ) , respiratory sensitiser's/mutagens ( Risk Phase R46 ) . Primary statute law covering these countries include: ( Chemicals Hazards Information and Packaging for Supply Regulations, 2009 ) ( CHIP4 ) . Further statute law is covered by: ( Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2002 ) , together with the ( Solvent Emissions Directive, 1999 ) , ( SED ) and is aimed at commanding ( VOCs ) volatile organic compounds, the intent of this study may be outside of the remit of ( SED, 1999 ) ordinances, but ( Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & A ; Restriction of Chemicals Regulations, 2009 ) , ( REACH ) , will hold an impact on the operations as we ‘re a down-stream client. Alternative adept advice may necessitate to be kind from the Local Council Environmental Department and perchance Governmental Environmental Agencies. All Category 1-2 carcinogens have specific demands under ( COSHH, 2002 ) : we must so see utilizing a hierarchy of control methodological analysis: See Substitution, the usage of lupus erythematosus ( VOC ) in the operation ; where ‘reasonably operable ‘ . If non ‘reasonably operable ‘ Full or partial Enclosure of the metal degreasing process, costs associated with a decrease in stuffs may finance the enclosure outgo. Using a lupus erythematosus ( VOC ) may significantly impact statute law ( SED, 1999 ) . Using the ( HSE, ENG information Sheet 40 ) , a to the full designed ; constructed ; operated and right maintained degreasing procedure can be maintained at exposure degrees of 20 ppm and below. Further considerations ( HSE, ENG information Sheet 40 ) , outline the demand to be after for waste direction processs ; sums of chemical ingestion, its storage ; its disposal by Who and How?HIERARCHY of CONTROL.The practicalities of Elimination at this occasion are limited ; nevertheless careful consideration to alternate methods through Substitution should be looked at traveling frontward. Alternate replacements may include Aqueous and semi-Aqueous cleansing stuffs, careful consideration-advice from the provider should be obtaine d prior to any permutation. Any mechanical ; works or chemical alterations would necessitate a new ( COSHH, 2002 ) ( RA ) as the company presently employs more than five employees. Details-records of any important alterations are required under ( COSHH, 2002 ) ; this includes active engagement during the reappraisal procedure by employees, including any relevant information ; preparation and communicating feedback. Substituting current dissolvers may present other important dangers which will necessitate farther rating. Many organic dissolvers are flammable highly-flammable in their belongingss. E.g. If an organic dissolver has a Flash Point of 32oc or less, we will hold to do commissariats in order to run into the ( â€Å" Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations, 2005 † ) , ( DSEAR ) . However higher-flashpoint dissolvers do non co-inside with the ordinances, but provisions-controls will still use. Specific counsel is available for flammable chemicals-liquids, ( i.e. Safe Use and Handling of Flammable Liquids ; HSG140 † ) ,SOLVENT REDUCTION.The local ( HSE ) or Fire & A ; Rescue Authority purely enforce fire safety ; fire safeguards, under the ( Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 ) , the ( Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1999 ) and ( â€Å" Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations, 2005 † ) , ( DSEAR ) . Chemical storage-containment is paramount. However so are the measures and differing types of chemicals, as they pr esent a important Fire jeopardy every bit good as holding a damaging consequence on the environment if released? An enclosed system attack could cut down the measures on site: – ( capital outgo out-lay, nest eggs ) , making instant fiscal inducements. One major jeopardy that needs immediate attending, the vas containers in which the chemicals are stored are unsuitable in type, constructed from Plastic, for our intents we require metal containment storage units as per-manufacture-industry counsel.SOLVENT ISOLATION.Guaranting the chemicals-solvents are contained within a individual designated country: ( Chemical room ) . Access to the room is non controlled ; a locked door policy needs to be brought in along with a sign-in-sign-out policy along with measures, ( telling fiscal control ) . Adoption of rigorous control policy will besides cut down the contact exposure to our employees. Where ‘reasonable operable ‘ the usage of an enclosed methods should be evaluated. Serious consideration for the usage of an ( LEV ) system for the chemical shop room should be considered. However the fact that the chief workshop country has TWO mechanical extraction fans inoperable, may hold contributed to the historical high exposure degrees as indicated. E.g. An extraction rate for the chemical shop room of: – 640-915m3/hr per M2 surface working-area is extremely recommended.( PPE Regulations, 1992 ) , Personal Protective Equipment.Merely used as a last resort, the ( COSHH Regulations, 2002 ) ( Fifth Edition ) in con-junction with ( PPE Regulations, 2002 ) lineation that equipment must conform to specific demands for its usage. More specific demands outline the usage of ( RPE ) , respiratory protective equipment, ( Organic Vapour Masks ) , if a ( RA ) has indicated the demand. Its usage requires specialist preparation: â€Å" fit trial † .METAL WORKING FL UIDS ( MWF WET-WORK )Normally associated with engineering-manufacturing and used as a coolant ; normally referred to as â€Å" slurry ; soup or white H2O † . Coolant ‘s can be grouped into 4-classes: ( â€Å" straight oil ; soluble oil ; synthetics ; semi-synthetics † ) . Associated health-effects exposure paths: aerosol breathing-airway and dermal-contact, local effects.Monitoring and CONTROL STRATEGIES.An ( IOM ) â€Å" SKC-225-70A, Institute of Occupational Medicine ( inhalable dust ) sampling station monitoring scheme would be an effectual option for measuring contact exposure. Personal exposure bounds for oil mist: 5mg/m-3 8hr ( TWA ) ; 10mg/m-3 ( STEL ) . The unit can be set-up to mensurate atom affair concentration from 1A µgm-3. The units rule map is to pull a volume of air onto a aggregation substrate-filter, dust mass is collected and is determined by weighing the substrate prior-after sampling. The ( IOM ) unit requires a pump unit with an air-flow rate of 2.0 A ± 0.1 litre/min across the sampling clip period and has a trying â€Å" prejudice of less than A ±5 % to BS EN481 specification. Personal monitoring, the unit is attached to the person at the â€Å" external respiration zone † , the pump is connected by a tubing placed on a harness ; belt ; normally the sampling station is placed at the take a breathing zone ( 30cm ) from the oral cavity. Therefore the unit is mounted on the upper-chest, collar-bone country. Unit standardization is required a flow-rate 0.1 litre/min measured against a primary criterion ( bubble flow metre ) as they ‘re readings do non necessitate pressure-temperature standardization, traceable to â€Å" national criterions † ( MDHS14 ) . Personal monitoring ; the person is equipment with ( IOM ) device at the start of their displacement ; they ‘re instructed to transport out their day-to-day undertaking ( s ) , limited to the usage of ( MWF ) in the preset countries. All breaks non-associated actions ; other activities are non calculated during the monitoring procedure, nevertheless will be recorded as portion of the exposure computations as ( 0 ) ratings. A full displacement exposure is recorded ; samples are collected, stray so packed-stored to avoid taint. Largely dependent on the Numberss involved with the ( MWF ) procedure, the monitoring will take 4-5 yearss. The ( IOM ) unit uses a cassette trying device which is sealed after usage. â€Å" A process utilizing gravimetric-chemical analysis for entire inhalable particulates ( TIP ) affecting solvent extraction utilizing hexane and dimethyl sulphoxide followed by analysis utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy ( GC-MS ) † under laboratory con ditions.CONTROL STRATEGY.Hierarchy of controlThe Elimination of ( MWF ) at this occasion is limited: However Substitution of high solute-oil content could be considered by utilizing water-mixed fluids, nevertheless if technology controls are applied exposure degrees can be maintained below 5mg/m-3 8hr ( TWA ) ; 10mg/m-3 ( STEL ) if suited and sufficient processs are implemented/maintained.Technology CONTROLS.The age of the machine, guarantee that all Planned, Routine, Statutory, care governments are carried out, ( Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations, 1998 ) . The usage of any Enclosures, Local fumes Ventilation ( LEV ) : 640-915m-3/hr per m-2 surface working-area, splash guarding must be enforced if fitted. The distance of the operator to the machine has an impact. Particular accent on machine oil flow rates ( splash-back ) , air cleaning/drying methods require monitoring. Increasing Fresh-Air and diminishing recirculation of General Ventilation systems. If air-flow is b lown onto the machine an person is likely to be exposed to increased degrees of contaminations. Sum fluids, the remotion of â€Å" swarf-fines † from the mixture, debut of filters ( e.g. mesh-drum, or magnetic filter type ) as differing procedures may be carried out on the unit, ( grinding-turning-milling etc. ) . Evidence shows that the presence of mulcts in mineral oils interferes with the public presentation of a machine and is a â€Å" factor taking to dermatitis † . ( MWF ) suppliers-industry criterions outline taint degrees for swarf-fines over 100 ppm for fluid ( Neat oil ) public presentation is regarded as grossly contaminated. ( COSHH, 2002 ) ordinance 7.7 ( a ) agenda 2A lineations regular amount cheques for bacterial-endotoxin taint as portion of a hebdomadal cheque government. An upper bound of 106 CFU/ml is recommended and consideration on unstable direction demands to be implemented. Additives such as ( biocide ) can be used to top-up degrees ; nevertheless both â€Å" replenishment-replacement † may impact bacteriological water-mix contents and a hebdomadal PH trial should be carried out. Exposure Assessment Document EH74/4 ( MWFs ) ( HSE, 2000 ) , unstable strength if incorrect, ( industries specified tolerances ) has a double consequence: Lowered machine public presentation. Increased inhalation-dermal exposure, bacterial-fungal taint.MANAGEMENT CONTORLS.( Personal Protective Equipment Regulations, 1992 ) , Workplace ( Health, Safety and public assistance ) Regulations, ( 1992 )( HSE, 2012 ) â€Å" Provide 0.4 millimeter nitrile baseball mitts to BS EN 374 criterion. These protect for up to eight hours merely. These baseball mitts are usually thin plenty to supply sleight. Supply thicker baseball mitts to BS EN 374 and BS EN 388 criterions to protect against scratchs and crisp borders † when cleaning â€Å" amounts † . â€Å" Provide oculus protection to BS EN 166 criterion where there is a hazard of sprinkling. Provide overalls and do certain forearms are covered † . However there is an entanglement menace, so utmost cautiousness is required when utilizing baseball mitts for machine use. The usage of a Permit to work system is necessary for amount cleansing. Ensure there are suited â€Å" personal decontamination † processs for workers ; guarantee ( PPE ) has been exhaustively cleaned before farther usage. A rigorous NO ‘oily rags ‘ policy ( pockets ) as portion of preparation, supervising methods. The usage of pre-after work enrolment-emulsifier picks as a tegument attention government needs to be enforced. The proviso of showers demands to be addressed, particularly anterior to the ingestion nutrient cut downing taint by consumption.HEALTH SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES:TRICHLOROETHYLENE-TOLUENE & A ; ( MWF ) .TRICHLOROETHYLENE & A ; TOLUENEAnnual or periodic medical screening/or biological-biological consequence monitoring. Baseline appraisal needs to be carried out for oculus map ; skin upsets ; liver-kidney map ; cardiovascular-nervous system, respiratory maps including Spirometry trials. This can be done as portion of a new employment government, or when persons are moved in to a new environment or occupation undertakin g. Toluene can besides impact hearing, impact vision ; color loss with perennial exposure, Toluene is besides toxic for reproduction. Self-checks, developing to recognize marks of illness facets such giddiness, lethargy demand to be reported instantly. A questionnaire turn toing smoking & A ; imbibing should be distributed ; the effects-interactions between Trichloroethylene & A ; Toluene exposure in the workplace and societal confounders should besides be addressed by company wellness professional as an intercession scheme.MWF DERAMAL EXAMINATIONS.Skin scrutinies are preponderantly used to place tegument upsets, ( occupational nurse-hygienist ) . Generally ocular scrutinies of the tegument for dermatitis are carried out, ( Hands, forearms, lower-legs ) but a questionnaire can be used to supplement the procedure. Health-surveillance is usually assessed yearly or every six-months if required. An appropriate control scheme ; baseline comparing: ( within six hebdomads of employment ) should be carried out.MWF RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS.MWF increases the hazard of developing: ( Asthma ; Bronchitis & A ; respiratory piece of land ) external respiration issues. Lung map Spirometry trials can be arranged if indicated by a wellness appraisal. An one-year questionnaire on external respiration can be issued, nevertheless relentless symptoms should be reported: ( supervisor, occupational nurse etc. ) . An appropriate control scheme ; baseline comparing: ( within six hebdomads of employment Lung map trial ) . Further controls can be arranged ; ( e.g. allergy-blood trials, chest X raies, or a more comprehensive Methacholine challenge trial ) . Generally wellness surveillance records are kept for the continuance of the person ‘s employment. However some ordinances ( Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1999 ) , ( COSHH, 2002 ) , outline records are kept for up to ( 50 old ages ) . An person may bespeak a transcript of their wellness surveillance records if they leave the company, ( informations protection act, 2000 ) . An employer ‘s responsibility of attention does non stop with wellness surveillance, it is non adequate that examinations-questionnaires are issued. Any feedback-data must be analysed and farther appropriate control schemes must be considered and addressed, where necessary employees may hold to be assigned other responsibilities. The positive facets of wellness surveillance may non ever be evident by all. By affecting employees at all phases dispels concerns that any reported symptoms are concealed, but how the programme can be evaluated and improved.APPENDIX 1 EMPLOYEE COMPLAINT SUMMARYCOMPLAINT 1Staff are kicking of giddiness, lassitude and some minor ocular damage. These symptoms occur when they enter the chemical shop and when they use the dissolvers provided, in the workshop country. The symptoms occur on most yearss. Following treatments with the Occupational Hygienist, it is their sentiment that the symptoms in the workshop are about certain to originate from exposure to Trichloroethylene vapor in the air although the consequence of Toluene has non been estimated. Historical monitoring records, carried out utilizing index tubings, show that degrees of trichloroethane between 300 to 400 ppm have been identified during the old twelvemonth, although monitoring was stopped due to staff deficits. Management are non nevertheless confident about the truth of these consequences and no measuring of methylbenzene has been attempted.COMPLAINT 2One of the employees has raised concerns sing the possible wellness effects originating from exposures to Metal Working Fluids ( MWF ) at the premises. He has seen on the cyberspace that ( MWF ) can do respiratory and Skin jobs.Carry out Baseline Qualitative Exposure SurveyDo initial exposure studies show that exposure a degree are good below ( OELs ) and is at that place a likeliness that they will stay so? Supply justification-evidence for your reply.Document study and record monitoring findingsDoes the elaborate exposure study show that exposures are good below permitted ( OELs ) degrees?Ensure a to the full validated statistical sampling and appraisal methodological analysis has been employed?Is everyday exposure supervising techniques required?Supply justification-evidence for your reply.Transport out or go onEveryday Exposure Monitoring.Has everyday exposure supervising shown exposures to be above permitted ( OELs ) ? APPENDIX 2 DIRECT EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT SERVEY METHODOLOGY.Make the initial exposure studies indicate that exposure degrees are above or potentially above recommended personal exposure bounds ( OELs ) ?YesNoCarry out a Detailed Quantitative Exposure Survey No or Not CertainDoes the elaborate exposure study show that exposures are above permitted ( OELs ) degrees?Ensure a to the full validated statistical sampling and appraisa l methodological analysis has been employed?YesNoYesNo or Not CertainNoYesYesHas everyday exposure supervising shown that exposure degrees are good below OELs and is it likeliness to stay so?Supply justification-evidence for your reply.NoNoIs there a demand or demand to go on routine/periodic exposure monitoring?Supply justification-evidence for your reply. YesYesNoDevelop or amend the Risk Control PlanFeed into Health ( RA ) or reexamine bing controls.Clearly place any Employees exposed by the jeopardies.Identify exposed procedures, tasks-areas where jeopardy exposure could happenInitial Identification of jeopardy ( s ) and their harmful effects to wellness.Baseline COSHH Health ( RA )Review all operating Area processes, including procedure flow by physical review of the Area ( s ) /site.APPENDIX 3 COSHH HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FLOW CHARTAssess-measure or corroborate the exposure.Analyse the effectivity of bing hazard control steps.Continuous COSHH Health ( RA )Review-Amend if requi red, or earlier if alterations to procedures or new developments occur or are proposed.Analyse any possible wellness hazard ( s ) of the risky exposure.Prioritize the wellness hazard ( s ) consequently( High, Medium, Low ) .Concept a hazard registry & A ; set precedences for action.Develop, implement & A ; monitor a Hazard Control Action Plan orReview current-existing Risk Control Action Plan ( s ) .LOW MEDIUM & A ;RISKS CRITICAL RISKSContinuous COSHH Health ( RA )Manage as portion of the uninterrupted betterment procedure within the overall COSHH-health hazard action/management system and through bing set ( s ) of control steps, where nowadays.Issues Based or Targeted COSHH ( HRA )Quantitatively assess exposure ( s ) utilizing validated statistical trying techniques and assessment methodological analysis, every bit good as measuring whether proposed or bing control steps are equal and appropriate to command wellness hazard ( s ) to below in agreement criterions e.g. occupational ex posure bounds ( OELs ) .Amend bing Risk Control Action Plan, use alternate and/or extra control steps when required.Maintain accurate-detailed and systematic COSHH wellness ( RAs )APPENDIX 4 MWF QUESTIONNAIREDermatitis QuestionnaireQ1 Name Q2 Date of birth Q3 Sex of topic Male Female Q4 Job rubric Q5 Production country ( s ) and machine figure Q6 In the past 12 months have you had any of the following symptoms? No Yes Redness & A ; swelling of custodies or fingers Crack of tegument on custodies or finger Blisters on custodies or fingers Flaking or grading of tegument on hands/fingers Itch of fingers/hands, with clefts or splits Musca volitanss, inflammation or puffiness of any other portion of your organic structure? Q7 Did any of these jobs last for more than three hebdomads? No Yes Q8 Did any of these jobs occur more than one time? No Yes Q9 Does your tegument acquire better with periods off work? No Yes Q10 What are the chief types of oils or coolants that you work with? Q11 Do you use H2O immune baseball mitts while managing cutting oils or constituents covered with oil? No Go to Q13 Yes Not applicable Go to Q13 Q12 If yes, do you besides wear cotton line drive baseball mitts? No Yes Q13 Do you wear barrier picks or other manus attention merchandises? No Name Yes Q14 How do you clean your custodies at work and how frequently? Q15 Do you/ hold you of all time suffered from eczema or psoriasis? No YesTHANKS FOR TAKING TIME TO COMPLETE THIS QUESTIONNAIRE