Methods for Maintaining Order in International Society Essay examples -

Methods for Maintaining Order in International Society    We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. The Declaration of Independence of the United States at its outset declares the collective goals that we Americans share as a society and the means by which these goals shall be defended. In the United States, we are interested in the well-being of individual Americans, and believe that everyone is equal and should have the right to â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† Moreover, governments are instituted at the federal1, state, and local level to defend these rights. Like American society, the international society of sovereign states has goals that it seeks to accentuate. According to Hedley Bull, author of The Anarchical Society, there are four such primary goals. The first, Bull states, is to preserve â€Å"the system and society† of sovereign states itself (Bull 16). Secondary to this is preservation of the sovereignty of individual states, followed in importance by maintenance of peace as a normal state of affairs (17-18). Lastly, the society seeks goals that Bull claims are â€Å"common goals of all social life: limitation of violence resulting in death or bodily harm, the keeping of promises, and the stabilization of possession by rules of property† (18-19). Like American society, the international society has common goals that its members seek to attain. But unlike the United States, the Westphalian system does not have... ...7. Claude, Inis L., Jr. â€Å"Collective Security as an Approach to Peace.† Classical Readings of International Relations. Ed. Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Jay M. Shafritz. Belmont [CA]: Wadsworth, 1994. 210-220. The Declaration of Independence. Philadelphia: 1776. Kegley, Charles W., Jr. and Eugene R. Wittkopf. World Politics: Trend and Transformation. 6th ed. New York: St. Martin’s, 1996. Organski, A.F.K. â€Å"Criticism of Balance of Power Theory.† Classical Readings of International Relations. Ed. Phil Williams, Donald M. Goldstein, and Jay M. Shafritz. Belmont [CA]: Wadsworth, 1994. 206-209. Pentland, Charles. â€Å"International Organizations and Their Roles.† Coursepack article. Fall Semester 1996: MC 220. Ed. Mohammed Ayoob. East Lansing: Budget Printing, 1996. 96-99. Stern, Geoffrey. The Structure of International Relations. New York: Pinter, 1995.

Cross I Lab Report

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if two selected traits of Drosophila melanogaster, dumpy wings and sepia eyes, follow Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance through the F2 generation. Materials and Methods In week one, two crosses were set up. Dumpy females were crossed with sepia males, while dumpy males were crossed with sepia females. The dumpy phenotype consisted of shorter, smaller wings while the sepia phenotype consisted of brown eye color. For these crosses, all females were virgins. These crosses were the P1 generation.These crosses were then incubated until week two. ?In week two, the parents were removed and disposed of. The eggs and larve were left to continue the cross. The crosses were left to continue to incubate until the following week. ?In week three, the flies emerging from each cross of the P1 generation were counted, separated into male and female, and then further separated into phenotype. This marked the completion of the P1 generation. The F1 cros ses were then begun. They were set up in there different ways.In Cross A, F1 females were paired with F1 males. In cross B, F1 virgin females were paired with dumpy sepia males. In the last cross, Cross C, dumpy sepia virgin females were crossed with F1 males. In crosses B and C, only virgin females were used. The virgin females used were obtained from the P1 crosses. Dumpy sepia virgins were acquired from a source outside the experiment. The crosses were left to incubate until week four. ?Week four proceeded much like week two, with the parents being removed and discarded.The eggs and larve were left undisturbed to continue the cross. They were allowed to incubate until the final week, week five. ?In the final week, week five, the flies emerging from the F2 crosses and the backcross were counted, separated into male and female, and then further separated into phenotype just as week three. The crosses were then disposed of. Results F1 x F1 Cross Raw Data Wt Dp Se dpse M F M F M F M F Table 1 26 19 8 9 7 11 2 4 Table 2 Table 3 39 43 7 10 16 25 1 3 Table 4 34 56 17 13 16 16 3 6 Total 99 118 32 32 39 52 6 13

Dramatic events Essay Example

Dramatic events Essay Example Dramatic events Essay Dramatic events Essay All three female characters being discussed all possess characteristics that help them survive through crisis despite societies opposition. In order to successfully defend their loved ones the female characters use common sense, flexibility, and quick thinking to steer themselves clearly away from further trouble. Medea has an advantage over Nora and Mrs. Linde because she is a powerful sorceress and has experience in plotting against her enemies even prior to her plot to avenge Jason. Since she is cunning she also thought and acted more cautiously. She knows exactly when to exert more power and when to play a foolish (Euripedes, p.89) woman to get what she wants from Aegeus, Jason, and Creon. Nora, in contrast, is obviously more sheltered than Medea because both her father and husband have treated her like a doll (Ibsen, p.226) for so long. Fortunately, she learns quickly and manages to find odd jobs to help her pay off her debt. She knows how to manipulate Torvald to get what she wants. Nora pouts like a child if she does not get her way or acts like Torvalds little songbird (p.223) to get her way . Her quick thinking in forging her fathers signature on the loan agreement is praiseworthy as well. She may have been arrested for doing so but it undoubtedly saved Torvalds life. Mrs. Linde is also wise in deciding she will have a greater chance of finding a job in a larger city. She is flexible and humble enough to ask for Noras help in finding a job. In addition, Mrs. Lindes judgement is fair. She does not become biased listening to Noras or Kronstads accounts regarding the blackmail issue. Instead, she looks at both sides of the story before choosing the best way to help solve this problem. Without common sense, flexibility, and quick thinking, the female characters would not have easily protected their loved ones. Most people have pride and they feel even more proud if they achieve something great. The women in these plays are proud as well. Medeas overwhelming pride is evident when she refuses to take Jasons money. She is confident that she can escape to safety using her own methods. She feels proud that she has gained her revenge and Jason is ruined at last. Likewise, Nora beams with pride as she describes to Mrs. Linde how she managed financially to pay off her debts and contributes to assisting her husband. Mrs. Linde has every right to be [proud] (p.159) that she is [making her] Mothers last days a little easier (p.159) and raising her brothers even if she has worked so very hard to achieve this end. Her choice of not remarrying someone rich shows that she is content with working independently to support her family. When the women in these plays initiate the tasks to help their families they are doing it through instinct and are not motivated by any other incentives. Their rewards are more valuable than money for they are able to obtain pride and the sense of accomplishment. The courageous acts that Medea, Nora, and Mrs. Linde have done to help others are triggered by dramatic events that are extremely realistic. The abandoning of a wife or family financial crisis could happen to women around the world as well as those in the play. There is certainly more assistance available for modern women in places like Canada in times of crisis, but that does not mean women are becoming more dependent. What were thought of as male characteristics in the plays are simply human characteristics and have simply been well adapted by modern women and by the female characters mentioned. Their accomplishments are admirable and demonstrate womens vast ability to adapt to change.

Coffee shop business in India Essays

Coffee shop business in India Essays Coffee shop business in India Essay Coffee shop business in India Essay Coffee parlous in India hooting up Question 1) With coffee being the hot beverage in India. The consumption of coffee in in India is done in south of India The concept of a cafe © today is not merely about selling coffee, but about developing a national brand Barista : growth : Barista coffee was establishes in 1999 with the aim of identifying growth opportunities in the coffee business. Increasing disposable incomes and global trends in coffee indicate immense growth potential in one particular segment. Barista exists in over 22 cities, and operates over 140 outlets nationally. In the last 2 years, Barista has opened over 00 outlets in the country and with a new outlet opening nationally everywhere. Barista has very wide variety of product to offer from Arabian coffee to Brazilian coffee seeds. Not only coffee but also in teas Assam chaw, Adrenaline tea to early grey, and in eatables and sides it has coffee rolls, walnut brownie. It has chocolate chip muffins etc . It has maximum of the items to satisfy a short time hunger. And satisfy the taste buds for all kind. They also merchandise they products like tiramisu flavor , coffee mugs. Every month it introduced and focused on a particular type of coffee. The idea was to change customers occasional indulgence and make it a habit and educate them about the original coffees. T also developed store-in-store concept by focusing on themes that compliment coffee, such as music, books and art. Barista entered into marketing tie-ups with planet M, crossword and Ebony to set up it Espressos at the corner. It also wanted to enter into co-branded marketing tie-ups with several banks for credit cards. Barista entered home brew segment with freshly grounded coffee. Barista planned to tie-up with BAN Omar for opening Bankable. This concept helps to bank at leisure enabling customers to visit the bank after banking hours on any day in an informal and friendly environment. T even tied up with BPCS to open coffee kiosks. Baristas adopted a strategy on which it segmented itself to the elite class. This class has high potential because these people associate with anything that is of status symbol. Barista choose this segment contains people with big designations like Doctors, Coos and people belonging to elite class. They like to be in a place which is classy and luxurious like Barista. This segment has high attention. CDC: Cafe © Coffee Day offered an informal ambiance with bright and eye-catching interiors. Visitors could sip coffee, browse the internet, conduct business meetings or Just while away time with friends. Cafe Coffee Day was well looked as a hangout for college crowd and teenagers. It is youth based . It also displayed young artist panting on walls which attracted young crowd more. In 2001, a new logo was chosen leaving the old one which was bit old fashioned. The interior were redesigned and new menu was also introduced along with the new crockery. The baseline also changed to A lot an happen over coffee. Musical events were organized to attract youth. Cafe © jockey was introduced which selected children above 1 errs and gave them 1 week training. Cafe Coffee Days also targeted other locations like corporate houses, airport, competitors. Cafe Coffee Day positioned itself as a mass market brand, mint-metros were also added to its list. It targeted the middle class, upper middle class, house wives and students. The prices are less compared to the other two. This segment has high potential and great buying power and has great market share. Swiss: Swiss treated was that to make their customers make them feel comfortable and have fun. The staff at Swiss was trained to understand body language. They were very frankly with the customers. Swiss objective was to target the young at heart that were looking for fun and relaxation. They offered different varieties of coffee. Customers were given a choice of drinks that were not common in India. It had a separate vending area for chocolate products. Swiss coffee pubs were located at strategic points which were frequented by youth. Swiss pubs were located at intersection of odds in a corner were two side of cafe © were made of glasses and faced the road. It even had coffee making machines for sale and also a trainer to teach how to make perfect espresso. It also planned to launch ready to drink coffee sachets. Their prices were based on the real-estate prices in that particular area. Swiss positioned itself as a place were people can come for fun and relaxation it targeted people who having fun and young at heart. People who were quite interactive and friendly were appointed as staff to make their customers feel comfortable and while away their time. It was a place to hangout. The strategy adopted by Barista would suit the Indian market. Barista came up with uniqueness in its interior with Indian neighborhood. It also offered several services along with serving coffee. Several international varieties of coffees are served in Barista. The ambiance was great. The perfect Italian varieties of coffees were served with brew masters from Italy. They came up with single origin coffees and attracted with the niche set of consumers. Many varieties of coffees are served in Barista people feel very comfortable. It also serves food items like pastries, sandwiches. People started thinking that Barista has come a status symbol. So they wanted to associate themselves with Barista. Its planning to go international into many countries. Its even planning to co brand with several banks for credit cards. People of India always wanted something new and different. So Baristas strategy perfectly suits the Indian market. Question 2) Barista concentrates on youth segment where as Scuds concentrated on Mass market and Swiss concentrated on the youth in the age group of 18-30. F we see the ambiance and the way service was given in Barista, it is completely different from what is being done by CDC or Swiss. Bright ambiance with music, games like chess to play and even if the customer doesnt want to drink can come and relax there. This was a strategy because they knew youth would definitely feel awkward to sit for few minutes and g o, instead they would order something to drink and they had variants in every month which made the youth to try everything new out there. Scuds had their own mass targeted market which also had unique ambiance and the main innovation when they adopted internet system inside the cafe ©. The customers could use internet inside the cafe © without paying more for it and as the target was mass arrest, it attracted many businessmen who could do meetings there where as there was a bell which could be rang by the customers if they are happy. Even though it looked small this idea worked really well for them. These small changes which the players did worked as a potential for them and it did not Just innovate but it also opened a new way of thinking for the other competitors in this particular segment. The potential of targeting the youth may be that , they will frequently visit the cafe © as most of them will be college going and the potential of taking Mass segmenting of Scuds is that they can easily capture people of all ages which is inefficient in many ways for them so that they will not Just rely on one particular market or target. Question 3) With Cutbacks and other coffee retailers who want to enter into the Indian market, these Indian retailers would have to really concentrate on developing a competitive advantage. According to me CDC is best equipped to take on the increased level of competition. And CDC is the makers leader in the coffee industry. Comparatively than barista or quizs They are not going to be in the same market segment as Cutbacks the latter being more expensive and not so open to the masses. Taking this into consideration they will not greatly be affected by the entry of foreign players, as they would be catering to 2 different segments of coffee drinkers. Barista on the other hand who are currently catering to the premium section would probably feel the hit more, they would be replaced by Cutbacks and others for people who want a premium coffee experience. They would have to come up with a different strategy now to sustain themselves in the market. Question 4) Yes, intense competition in the coffee retailing business is likely to create or cause a consolidation. Consolidation is nothing but a collaboration with another impasses. This would avoid weak coffee firms from collapsing in the market. Entry of foreign players, this would lead to domestic chains to go for partnerships, strategic tie ups and MAs. By combining with other players in the market, they would be able to compensate for any shortcomings that would be existing in each others firm, and work together to be stronger and beat the competition that would be present in the market. According to the case CDC is already gearing up to face competition by consolidating with Alga gr oup, Barista collaborated with Data Coffee after the entrance of Star bucks in the market

Teleological Argument Essay

Teleological Argument Essay Teleological Argument Essay The Teleological Argument for the existence of God is positioned firmly on fairly solid ground. However, this solid ground may have a few splinters. The basis of the argument relies on the intricate nature of the universe and the life that inhabits this Earth, claiming that since everything that is around us works in such a complex, organized, and nearly perfect manner, there must be an intelligent designer behind these works of nature. The first three premises state that human artifacts have purpose, or intelligent design, and that nature resembles these artifacts by having organization and function, only significantly more intricate than human artifacts. It is supported even within science by looking at how delicate life is, and that even if something as small as the size of neurons and protons were not the exact proportion as they are, life would be impossible. Some argue this thesis in accordance to Darwinian evolution, saying that there is no intelligent design, but rather a ran dom process of trial and error. This can be negated, as the book explains, by suggesting evolution’s trial and error to be the design. I can accept this rebuttal. What I have a problem with most is how the Teleological Argument can explain something like extinction, specifically the annihilation of dinosaurs. An intelligent designer would not make an entire group of inhabitants for this planet, a group that took a lot of time, organization, and even evolution to come into existence, just to

Quantitive Article Anaylsis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitive Article Anaylsis - Assignment Example The study aimed at finding out the effects of artefacts for teams that are working on innovation tasks. In this regard, the study focused on the creativity and collaboration applied in the development of innovative business models. To make the research more comprehensive, the following research questions were employed; The study ought to propose a model that would explain the impacts of artefacts on team processes in the creation of business model ideas. It further posits that the artefacts have positive impacts on team creativity and collaboration. To expound the above stated aspects, the study formulated the following hypotheses: Thirty managers from Switzerland acted as subjects in the study. They worked in groups of five individuals ((Eppler, Hofmann & Bresciani, 2011). All the groups were required to create an innovative model for the newspaper industry. The subjects had the same instruction and were assigned randomly to the managers. The subjects were given questionnaires to collect data from a given population, and write down their perceptions on collaboration and creativity within their team. The experiment had three conditions. The first one was a control condition in which subjects utilised PowerPoint slide to gather ideas. The second one was a treatment condition, which constituted of office supply objects that acted as stimuli. The third one was a treatment condition that had a business model template, which is essential in mapping the software environment (Frischer & Pigneur, 2012). The dependent variable of collaboration wa measured by telling the subjects to assess their perceived team collabora tion, through filling a questionnaire. Creativity was measured through the use of self – developed scale so as to evaluate perception of participants based on innovative research. The study analysed the data by comparing means of various groups. In addition, the study conducted an ‘analysis of variance (ANOVA)’ so as

Article analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article analysis - Essay Example These are the United Kingdom’s power declined in the 19th century following the two major world wars. France power declined and the late 17th century. The adversaries of these two prominent nations exploited the tectonic monetary changes to adopt military and organizational inventions to enhance their rise and merged alliances to monitor domination. Layne predicts that America will experience a similar phenomenon like what befall United Kingdom and France. According to the author, United States will experience multipolarity in the period 2000-2010. Although the subject on unipolarity was handled almost at the end of the given time period, Layne holds that United States power remains supreme. Nevertheless, he disagrees that America is in some way immune to realists’ views, eventually concluding that Washington ought to espouse to a constrained â€Å"off-shore balancing† policy instead of wasting its might trying to control the globe. Review Realist view of interna tional relations sees global politics and interactions as being propelled by individual interests of countries. This view perceives nations struggle for supremacy in order to enhance and preserve their economic and military wellbeing in rivalry with other nations. This view was portrayed by America’s invasion of Iraq in 2003, which critic’s of Layne agree with. America used its military might to uphold the realists’ view. However, questions arise as to whether Iraq’s incursion by United States made sense. In the Washington post, Ignatius (2013) holds that invading Iraq in a bid to topple the then Iraqi’s president Saddam Hussein was one of the biggest policy mistake in the contemporary American history. Such decision by America saw an increase in international actors condemning its act marking the emergence of criticism against America’s misuse of its global power. In addition, United States invaded Afghanistan after the September 11 attack, though the rivalry seems to date back in 1979 during the cold war era. As the era of the cold war came to an end, some scholars and analysts saw the emergence of modern cold war era by the United States. The actions of United States make it appear more like an heir of the cold war. The United States emerged as the global power among the preeminent participants of the cold war. However, the country needed to show and exercise worldwide leadership in order to uphold and preserve its standing as the global leader and superpower. These incursions are criticized as they go against the United Nations charter. The open criticism of United States action is a clear sign that America’s unipolar moment is indeed coming to an end as Layne asserts. In the recent past, actions of United States and other world players perfectly present the fulfillment of Layne’s assertion that great powers are starting to rival America through hard and soft balancing of power. Technological, economi c, and political actions of other world powers just reinforces Layne’s point of view that unipolar moment of the United States is ending soon. For illustration, China is emerging as a United States rival in economic might. During the global recession that hit America hard, China’s economy was expanding. India and China economies have recently been distinguished as the main global powers countering United States. Seib, (2012) in his opinion in the New